Table 1.
Baseline characteristic for women with PCOS+OSA compared with women with PCOS only.
| PCOS+OSA (n = 15) | PCOS only (n = 24) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 33 (26–43) | 29.5 (27–33) | 0.43 |
| Weight (kg) | 101.8 ± 25.0 | 86.7 ± 21.3 | 0.052 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 37.3 ± 7.3 | 32.2 ± 7.8 | 0.046 |
| Waist (cm) | 116.9 ± 18.2 | 102.0 ± 18.1 | 0.017 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 0.90 ± 0.09 | 0.27 |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 39.3 ± 4.1 | 36.8 ± 3.4 | 0.053 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 124.5 (109–135) | 115.3 (109.6–127.9) | 0.50 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75.5 (68–84) | 78.5 (72.8–83) | 0.45 |
| PCOS phenotype | 1.0 | ||
| Hirsutism/hyperandrogenism + oligomenorrhoea | 13 (86.7%) | 21 (87.5%) | |
| Hirsutism/hyperandrogenism + PCO | 0 | 1 (4.2%) | |
| Oligomenorrhoea + PCO | 2 (13.3%) | 2 (8.3%) | |
| Metabolic Syndrome | 6 (40%) | 5 (20.8%) | 0.28 |
| Modified Ferriman–Gallwey score | 16.0 (11.0–20.0) | 12.5 (10.0–17.5) | 0.35 |
| Amenorrhoea | 4/12 (33.3%) | 4/16 (25%) | 0.81 |
| Oxygen desaturation index (events/hour) | 11.5 (7.3–18.7) | 2.6 (1.6–3.7) | <0.001 |
| ESS | 9.1 ± 4.9 | 8.2 ± 4.7 | 0.57 |
| EDS (ESS > 10) | 13/15 (86.7%) | 17/24 (70.8%) | 0.24 |
| Ethnicity | 0.77 | ||
| White | 14 (93.3%) | 19 (79.2%) | |
| Asian | 1 (6.7%) | 4 (16.6%) | |
| Other | 0 | 1 (4.2%) | |
| Hormonal contraception | 0.13 | ||
| Combined OCP | 0 | 5 (20.8%) | |
| Contraceptive implant | 2 (13.3%) | 1 (4.2%) | |
| Mirena coil | 0 | 2 (8.3%) | |
| None | 13 (86.7%) | 16 (66.7%) | |
| Medications | |||
| Metformin | 9 (60%) | 7 (29.2%) | 0.12 |
| Antidepressants | 4 (26.7%) | 4 (16.7%) | 0.73 |
| Levothyroxine | 4 (26.7%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.49 |
| Spironolactone | 2 (13.3%) | 3 (12.5%) | 1.0 |
| Smokers | 2 (13.3%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.92 |
| Marital status | 0.78 | ||
| Married | 11 (73.3%) | 15 (62.5%) | |
| Single | 3 (20%) | 7 (29.2%) | |
| Divorced | 1 (6.7%) | 2 (8.3%) | |
| Education | 0.22 | ||
| Tertiary | 10 (66.7%) | 21 (87.5%) | |
| Secondary school | 5 (33.3%) | 3 (12.5%) | |
Amenorrhoea, defined as no periods in last 4 months; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; EDS, excessive daytime sleepiness; ESS, Epworth sleepiness scale; Hirsutism, defined as a modified Ferriman–Gallwey score ⩾8; Hyperandrogenism, defined as testosterone or androstenedione above the upper limit of normal in our lab (1.8 and 7.5 nmol/l, respectively) or a free androgen index >6.9423; Metabolic Syndrome, defined based on the IDF criteria; OCP, oral contraceptive pill; Oligomenorrhoea, defined as current or previous history of anovulation or ⩽9 periods per year; OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea; PCO, polycystic ovaries; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome.
Normally distributed data were presented as mean ± standard deviation, while nonnormally distributed data were presented as median (interquartile range). Frequencies were presented as numbers (percentages).