Table 2.
Metabolic and hormonal markers for the PCOS+OSA and PCOS only groups.
| PCOS+OSA (n = 15) | PCOS only (n = 24) | Unadjusted difference (95% CI) |
p-value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted† | ||||
| CRP (mg/l) | 5.0 (2.0–12.0) | 2.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.9 (0.8–7.1) | 0.044 | 0.058 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.0 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 0.24 (−0.11 to 0.58) | 0.17 | 0.22 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 38.3 ± 5.7 | 35.0 ± 3.1 | 3.2 (0.26–6.2) | 0.034 | 0.087 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 0.37 (−0.12 to 0.85) | 0.13 | 0.17 |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 0.67 (0.24–1.1) | 0.003 | 0.014 |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | −0.21 (−0.45 to 0.03) | 0.089 | 0.35 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | −0.17 (−0.57 to 0.23) | 0.39 | 0.21 |
| Cholesterol/HDL | 4.1 (3.9–5.2) | 3.4 (2.7–4.6) | 0.78 (0.04–1.5) | 0.015 | 0.13 |
| ALT (U/l) | 18.0 (15.0–27.0) | 15.0 (13.0–25.0) | −0.62 (−9.7 to 8.5) | 0.3 | 0.98 |
| Hb (g/l) | 132.5 ± 9.1 | 127.7 ± 8.5 | 4.8 (−1.0 to 10.7) | 0.10 | 0.35 |
| Haematocrit (I/I) | 0.41 ± 0.02 | 0.39 ± 0.02 | 0.02 (0.004–0.04) | 0.02 | 0.13 |
| Testosterone (nmol/l) | 1.6 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 0.16 (−0.47 to 0.79) | 0.60 | 0.29 |
| FSH (IU/l) | 6.4 ± 2.8 | 6.1 ± 2.4 | 0.31 (−1.7–2.3) | 0.75 | 0.83 |
| LH (IU/l) | 9.7 ± 4.6 | 9.1 ± 5.2 | 0.61 (−3.2 to 4.5) | 0.75 | 0.74 |
| SHBG (nmol/l) | 30.2 (21.5–48.8) | 29.4 (21.8–59.3) | −5.8 (−20.5 to 8.9) | 0.62 | 0.90 |
| Free androgen index | 5.2 (2.4–8.7) | 3.9 (1.5–7.5) | 0.61 (−2.5 to 3.7) | 0.65 | 0.66 |
| DHEAS (μmol/l) | 7.6 ± 4.7 | 6.6 ± 3.2 | 0.98 (−1.9 to 3.8) | 0.48 | 0.24 |
| Androstenedione (nmol/l) | 4.3 ± 2.1 | 4.3 ± 1.9 | 0.03 (−1.5 to 1.5) | 0.97 | 0.70 |
| Oestradiol (pmol/l) | 185 (124.0–285.0) | 170 (92.5–231) | 7.1 (−151.3 to 165.3) | 0.75 | 0.69 |
| 25-OH Vit D (nmol/l) | 54.0 (40.0–69.0) | 55.0 (37.3–76.8) | −5.5 (−24.9 to 13.9) | 0.90 | 0.76 |
25-OH Vit D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D test; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; FSH, follicular stimulating hormone; Hb, haemoglobin; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1C; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LH, luteinising hormone; OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin.
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, or median (interquartile range).
†
Adjusted for age and BMI; nonnormally distributed data were log transformed before analysis.