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. 2019 Oct 10;188(12):2202–2212. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwz228

Figure 2 .

Figure 2

Scores and percentile ranks for different versions of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) used for equipercentile equating, by continent (n = 80,559) (North America (A), Africa (B), Asia (C), Europe (D), and South America (E)), 1981– 2012. Each panel shows cumulative probability plots for each raw point-total MMSE version. These plots illustrate the lack of overlap of the cumulative distributions of raw point-total version scores, which equipercentile equating is designed to address. All of the continents shown have a 30-point MMSE score (solid line). Asia (panel C) additionally has a 23-point version (hatched line (|||)), North and South America (panels A and E, respectively) have a 19-point version (hatched lines (|||)), Africa and Asia (panels B and C, respectively) have an 18-point version (dashed lines), and North and South America (panels A and E, respectively) have a 14-point version (dashed lines). Europe (panel D) has only a 30-point version.