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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng. 2019 Apr 29;107(7):1402–1424. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2019.2908582

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7.

Discovering signatures of oxidative stress. (a) To discover signatures, we treated serum samples as a “white” box, used a single iridium (Ir) mediator and a 3-pulse electrical input sequence to generate electrical and optical outputs that could be analyzed to discern distinctive features. (b) The Ir mediator probes by extracting electrons from undamaged serum components to yield an amplification in electrical outputs (due to redox-cycling) and an attenuation of optical outputs (due to reaction of the yellow-colored IrOX). Reproduced with permission from Elsevier[178].