Figure 4.

Sulforaphane (SFN) decreases the hyperoxia-induced extracellular accumulation of HMGB1 in RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to 21% O₂ (white bar) or 95% O₂ (black bar) for 24 h in the presence of various concentrations of SFN (grey bars) (diluted in DMSO as the vehicle). HMGB1 levels in the cell culture supernatant were determined using Western blot analysis. The blot indicates the bands of HMGB1 in each group. Each value represents the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. * p ≤ 0.05 compared to 0 µM SFN vehicle control group. # p ≤ 0.05 compared to 21% O₂.