Table 1.
Associations with zero or any weekly pre-baseline park visits and multivariable analysis of sociodemographics, attitudes, and access.
| Characteristic | Total (n = 78) | (%) a | No Park Visits in Prior Week (n = 29) | Any Park Visits in Prior Week (n = 49) | p-Value c | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) b | n | (%) b | ||||
| Demographics | |||||||
| Child’s age (y), median (IQR) | 8 (4, 15) | 29 | 8.6 (3.1) | 49 | 8.9 (3.1) | 0.7487 | |
| Female child | 38 | (49) | 13 | (34) | 25 | (66) | 0.60 d |
| Caregiver’s age, mean (SD) | 73 | 38.5 (11) | 26 | 36.8 (11) | 47 | 39 (11) | 0.35 d |
| Female caregiver | 68 | (87) | 25 | (37) | 43 | (63) | 0.55 |
| Race/ethnicity of caregiver | 0.03 * | ||||||
| African American | 52 | (67) | 20 | (39) | 32 | (62) | |
| Non-Latino White | 8 | (10) | 0 | (0) | 8 | (100) | |
| Latino | 12 | (15) | 5 | (42) | 7 | (58) | |
| Other f | 5 | (6) | 4 | (80) | 1 | (20) | |
| Born in the US | 64 | (83) | 26 | (41) | 38 | (59) | 0.085 |
| % of the federal poverty level | 0.07 | ||||||
| <100% | 11 | (14) | 5 | (46) | 6 | (55) | |
| 100–199 | 42 | (54) | 18 | (43) | 24 | (57) | |
| 200–399 | 12 | (15) | 4 | (33) | 8 | (67) | |
| 400% or more | 9 | (12) | 0 | (0) | 9 | (100) | |
| Knowledge | |||||||
| I know park locations | 41 | (53) | 9 | (22) | 32 | (78) | 0.01 * |
| Attitudes | |||||||
| Nature affinity, median (IQR) | 4.1 | (3.5, 4.7) | 3.8 | (3.4, 4.2) | 4.1 | (3.9, 4.3) | 0.18 e |
| I value visiting parks | 63 | (81) | 19 | (30) | 44 | (70) | 0.007 * |
| Barriers to Access | |||||||
| There is a park in my neighborhood | 55 | (71) | 18 | (33) | 37 | (67) | 0.225 |
| I have access to nature in daily life | 53 | (68) | 19 | (36) | 34 | (64) | 0.715 |
| I feel welcome in parks | 65 | (83) | 25 | (39) | 40 | (62) | 0.88 |
| I feel safe in parks (one missing) | 59 | (76) | 20 | (34) | 39 | (66) | 0.44 |
| I have money to visit parks | 37 | (47) | 12 | (32) | 25 | (68) | 0.45 |
| I have transportation to visit parks | 51 | (65) | 19 | (37) | 32 | (63) | 1.00 |
| I have time to visit parks | 43 | (55) | 12 | (28) | 31 | (72) | 0.09 |
| My neighborhood is safe for my child to play outside | 39 | (50) | 9 | (23) | 30 | (77) | 0.01 * |
| Behaviors | |||||||
| I spend a lot of time in nature now | 17 | (22) | 0 | (0) | 17 | (100) | <0.001 |
| I spent a lot of time in nature as a child | 51 | (65) | 18 | (35) | 33 | (65) | 0.87 |
a Column percents, b Row percents, c p-value calculated using Fisher’s exact test unless otherwise indicated, d p-value calculated using chi-square test, e p-value calculated using Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and f Asian, Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaskan. * Statistically significant value.