Table 2.

Endocrine factors secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Secreted Factors	Function
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) [45,46]	Cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) [47]
Secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (SFRP1) [48]
Secreted frizzled-related protein-2 (SFRP2) [49]
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) [50]
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) [46]
miR-10b-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-191, miR-222, miR-21, let-7a [51]
Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) [46]	Remodeling of extracellular matrix
Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) [52]
Plasminogen activator (PA) [46]
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [46]
Angiopoietins (ANGs) [53]	Angiogenesis
Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) [45]
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) [46]
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [54]
miR-132 [55]
miR-222, miR-21, let-7f [51]
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) [56]	Immunomodulatory
Human leukocyte antigen G5 (HLA-G5) [57]
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) [58,59]
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) [60]
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) [61]
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) [62]
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) [63]
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [64]
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) [46,56]
miR-143-3p [51]