Table 1.
Examples of analytical methods for different simulants.
| Food Simulant | Description | Analytical Method 1 | Comments | Literature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Ethanol 10% (v/v) | SPME-GC-MS; UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE | Either by HS or total immersion modes | [11,12,13,14] |
| B | Acetic acid 3% (v/v) | SPME-GC-MS; UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE | Either by HS or total immersion modes | [11,15,16,17] |
| C | Ethanol 20% (v/v) | SPME-GC-MS; UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE | Either by HS or total immersion modes | [7,18,19] |
| D1 | Ethanol 50% (v/v) | SPME-GC-MS; UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE | If SPME-GC-MS with total immersion of fiber is performed sample should be diluted at least 5 times. | [7,20,21] |
| D2 | Any vegetable oil containing less than 1% unsaponifiable matter—can be replaced by 95% ethanol and isooctane | Liquid injection GC–MS; UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE (reverse-phase phase column for 95% ethanol and normal-phase mode for isooctane) | If oil is used, it needs to be extracted. HS-SPME-GC-MS is also available for oil When using 95% ethanol and isooctane they can be concentrated under gentle stream of nitrogen to gain sensitivity. |
[6,11,12,13] |
| E | poly(2,6-diphenyl-p-phenyleneoxide) known as Tenax®, particle size 60-80 mesh, pore size 200 nm | Liquid injection GC–MS; UPLC-Q-TOF-MS | Needs to be extracted with some organic solvent like for example ethanol or methanol and they can be concentrated under gentle stream of nitrogen to gain sensitivity. Three sequential extractions are usually applied | [6,22,23] |
1 SPME-GC-MS—solid phase microextraction gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) detector; HS—headspace; UPLC-Q-TOF-MS—ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadruple time-of-flight with MSE technology.