Table 1.
Sociodemographic and lifestyle-related characteristics of the sample (N = 4054).
| Sample Characteristics | Non-Weighted n (%) | Weighted a n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1535 (37.9) | 1826 (45.0) |
| Female | 2519 (62.1) | 2228 (55.0) |
| Age, years | ||
| 18–24 | 417 (10.3) | 370 (9.1) |
| 25–44 | 573 (14.1) | 1436 (35.4) |
| 45–64 | 1437 35.5) | 1498 (37.0) |
| ≥ 65 | 1627 (40.1) | 750 (18.5) |
| Marital status | ||
| Unmarried | 852 (21.0) | 1164 (28.7) |
| Cohabitated/married | 2577 (63.6) | 2478 (61.1) |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 625 (15.4) | 413 (10.2) |
| Employment status | ||
| Unemployment | 128 (3.2) | 221 (5.5) |
| In paid employment | 1279 (31.6) | 1935 (47.7) |
| Retired | 1632 (40.3) | 919 (22.7) |
| Housekeeper | 732 (18.1) | 722 (17.8) |
| Full-time student | 283 (7.0) | 257 (6.3) |
| Educational attainment | ||
| Primary or below | 959 (23.7) | 959 (23.7) |
| Secondary | 1730 (42.7) | 1949 (48.1) |
| Tertiary | 1365 (33.7) | 1145 (28.3) |
| Monthly household income (HK $ b) | ||
| ≤19999 | 1671 (41.2) | 1465 (36.1) |
| ≥20000 | 2258 (55.7) | 2486 (61.3) |
| Unsteady | 125 (3.1) | 103 (2.5) |
| Smoking | ||
| Never | 3368 (83.1) | 3211 (79.2) |
| Former | 435 (10.7) | 467(11.5) |
| Current | 251 (6.2) | 376 (9.3) |
| Alcohol drinking | ||
| Never | 2065 (51.0) | 1908 (47.1) |
| Former | 256 (6.3) | 228 (5.6) |
| Current | 1731 (42.7) | 1916 (47.3) |
| Smartphone ownership | ||
| No | 1126 (27.8) | 811 (20.0) |
| Yes | 2928 (72.2) | 3243 (80.0) |
| SAS-SV score (range 10–60; mean ± SD) | 28.2 ± 10.0 | 28.9 ± 10.1 |
| Anxiety | ||
| Negative (GAD-2 < 3) | 3655 (90.2) | 3611 (89.1) |
| Positive (GAD-2 ≥ 3) | 397 (9.8) | 442 (10.9) |
| Depression | ||
| Negative (PHQ-2 < 3) | 3777 (93.4) | 3718 (91.9) |
| Positive (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) | 269 (6.7) | 327 (8.1) |
| SHS score (range 1–7; mean ± SD) | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 5.2 ± 1.0 |
| SWEMWBS score c (range 7–35; mean ± SD) | 23.4 ± 4.5 | 23.0 ± 4.2 |
SAS-SV, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version; GAD-2, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-2 (range 0–6); PHQ-2, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (range 0–6); SHS, Subjective Happiness Scale; SWEMWBS, Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. a Weighted by age, sex, and educational attainment distributions of the Hong Kong general population. b US $1 = HK $7.8. c Subset sample (n = 1331).