Table 2.
Odds of anxiety and depression associated with SAS-SV score (N = 4054).
| Outcomes Associated with SAS-SV Score | SAS-SV Score (Mean ± SD) a | Unadjusted Association | Adjusted b Association | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p | ||
| Anxiety | |||||
| Negative (GAD-2 < 3) | 28.5 ± 10.2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Positive (GAD-2 ≥ 3) | 31.9 ± 9.4 | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | <0.001 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | <0.001 |
| Depression | |||||
| Negative (PHQ-2 < 3) | 28.5 ± 10.0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Positive (PHQ-2 ≥ 3) | 33.2 ± 10.2 | 1.04 (1.03, 1.06) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.03, 1.06) | <0.001 |
SAS-SV, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (range 10-60); CI, Confidence Interval; GAD-2, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-2 (range 0–6); PHQ-2, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (range 0–6). a Weighted by age, sex, and educational attainment distributions of the Hong Kong general population. b Adjusted for age, sex, marital status, employment status, educational attainment, monthly household income, smoking, and alcohol drinking.