Table 1.
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Parameter | Alcohol (n = 30) | Control (n = 20) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years (mean ± standard deviation) | 41.6 ± 10.6 | 37.9 ± 14.5 | 0.124 |
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Male | 18 (60%) | 10 (50%) | 0.485 |
| Unemployed | 11 (37%) | 10 (50%) | 0.349 |
| Retired | 4 (13%) | 4 (20%) | 0.529 |
| Lower education 1 | 13 (43%) | 2 (10%) | 0.815 |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 30 (100%) | 20 (100%) | - |
| Tobacco smoker | 19 (63%) | 2 (10%) | 0.0002 * |
| Use of drugs | 11 (37%) | 3 (15%) | 0.095 |
| Use of cannabis | 9 (30%) | 3 (15%) | 0.054 |
| Overweight/obese | 22 (73%) | 14 (70%) | 0.797 |
| Medical condition | 18 (60%) | 11 (55%) | 0.726 |
| Hypertension | 7 (23%) | 9 (45%) | 0.797 |
| Hypothyroidism | 2 (7%) | 4 (20%) | 0.155 |
| Asthma | 4 (13%) | 1 (5%) | 0.336 |
| Psychiatric disorder | 14 (47%) | 3 (15%) | 0.021 * |
| Depression | 9 (30%) | 2 (10%) | 0.035 * |
| Anxiety | 11 (37%) | 2 (10%) | 0.035 * |
| Bipolar | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.409 |
| Alcohol dependence | 2 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.239 |
| Sleep difficulties | 24 (80%) | 7 (35%) | 0.001 * |
| Family history of alcoholism | 22 (73%) | 9 (45%) | 0.043 * |
| Alcohol breath concentration (mean ± standard deviation) | 0.006 ± 0.03 | 0.000 ± 0.00 | 0.243 |
| AUDIT score (mean ± standard deviation) | 20.77 ± 7.86 | 1.65 ± 1.31 | 0.000 * |
1 High school or less; * Denotes statistically significant difference after performing a Mann–Whitney U test (continuous variables) or chi-square Test (categorical variables).