Table 1.

Balsam and moisture content total antioxidant compounds and overall scavenging activity in raw propolis samples from hills (Ligurian–Piedmont Apennines) and plains (Po Valley).

Propolis Composition and Activity	Hills	Plains	Statistical Evaluation
	Average ± SD	Average ± SD	t-Value	DF	p-Value	Sign.
Balsam content (% w/w)	75.92 ± 4.92	63.94 ± 12.86	2.131	6.433	0.074	ns
Moisture content (%)	0.74 ± 0.38	0.69 ± 0.52	0.195	9.233	0.850	ns
total Phenols (mg GAE/g)	242.42 ± 11.67	236.32 ± 40.92	0.351	5.808	0.738	ns
Total Flavones and Flavonols (mg QE/g)	32.14 ± 4.38	26.91 ± 4.31	2.082	9.998	0.064	ns
DPPH radical scavenging activity (%)	45.01 ± 1.39	46.44 ± 0.96	−2.082	8.855	0.068	ns

SD, standard deviation; ns, not significant; DS, degrees of freedom.