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. 2020 Jan 22;21(3):716. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030716

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Andrographolide biosynthetic gene activation by MJ elicitation in Andrographis paniculata [91]. Dashed blue arrows show the relationship between MJ signalling and andrographolide biosynthetic genes. HMG-CoA, 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA. MVA, mevalonic acid. MVAP, mevalonic acid 5-phosphate. MVAPP, mevalonic acid 5-diphosphate. IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate. DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate. MEP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate. CDP-ME, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol. CDP-MEP, 4-diphosphocytidyl2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate. ME-cPP, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate. HMBPP, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate. Enzymes of the MVA pathway: HMGS, HMG-CoA synthase. HMGR, HMG-CoA reductase. MVK, MVA kinase. PMK, MVAP kinase. PMD, MVAPP decarboxylase. Enzymes of the MEP pathway: DXS, DOXP synthase. DXR, DOXP reductoisomerase. CMS, CDP-ME synthase. CMK, CDP-ME kinase. MCS, ME-2,4cPP synthase. HDS, HMBPP synthase. HDR, HMBPP reductase, ISPH, 1-Hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase.