Inhibition of Nrf2 expression mediates (+)-usnic acid (UA)-induced LUSC cell apoptosis. (A) Administration of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, Mito-TEMPOL (MitoT) to UA-treated H520 and Calu-1 cells. The effect of MitoT on ROS production was detected by flow cytometry. Significantly different from control group, * p < 0.05, n = 3; # significantly different from the group of UA, p < 0.05, n = 3. (B) UA (10 to 40 µM) suppressed Nrf2 expression in H520 and Calu-1 cells analyzed by Western blotting after 8-h incubation. (C) The effect of UA on Nrf2 mRNA expression in H520 and Calu-1 cells assayed by q-PCR. NS, not significantly, p > 0.05, n = 3. (D) The effect of UA on the mRNA expression of Nrf2-targeted genes (HO1 and NQO1) in H520 and Calu-1 cells determined by q-PCR. Significantly different from control group, * p < 0.05, n = 3.