Collagen XV (ColXV) involved extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and triggered apoptosis in adipocytes. (A) Heatmap of genes set from RNA-seq data with forced expression of ColXV in mice adipocytes, along with the top affected genes (n = 4). (B) Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the altered genes in (A) (n = 3). (C) Changes in the mRNA level of genes associated with apoptosis and ECM remodeling, which were significantly altered from RNA-seq analysis (n = 4). (D) Relative mRNA expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bax, and Bcl-2 in mice adipocytes in different groups (n = 4). (E–F) Tunnel staining of DNA fragments in adipocytes. Scale bar, 100 μm (n = 4) (G–I) Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and flow cytometry analysis of adipocytes apoptosis. Scale bar, 100 μm (n = 4). Values are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, ** p< 0.01.