ColXV induced ECM remodeling dependent on MMPs. All mice were pretreated with either Ad-GFP or Ad-Col15a1. (A) Relative mRNA expressions of Col1a1, Col4a1, Col6a1 and Fibronectin in mice inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) with or without GM6001 (n = 6). (B–D) Relative protein expressions of Fibronectin, Col I, Col VI, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and Cleaved Caspase-3 in mice iWAT with gradients concentration of GM6001 (n = 6). (E-F) Relative protein expressions of Col I, Col VI, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in the Control group, APMA group and co-treatment of Ad-Col15a1 and APMA group in mice iWAT (n = 6), each group has two technical repeats (E). (G–J) Representative images of Col I and MMP-9 in adipocytes by immunofluorescent staining in different groups (n = 4). (K) Representative images of collagen bundles microstructure on adipocytes surface by scanning electron microscope. Scale bar, 30 μm (top) and 10 μm (bottom) (n = 4). Arrowheads indicate disrupted collagen fibers and exposed adipocytes surface (middle). Asterisks indicate adipocytes. Values are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ns, not significant.