| CM | Cnidium monnieri (L.) |
| DRG | Dorsal root ganglion |
| MIC | Minimal inhibitory concentration |
| 6-Keto-GF1α | 6-keto-prostaglandin 1α |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| ADM | Adriamycin |
| AMPK | Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
| Apaf-1 | Apoptotic protease activating factor-1 |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| Aβ25-35 | Beta-amyloid protein fragment 25-35 |
| BACE1 | β-Site APP cleaving enzyme 1 |
| Bak | Bcl-2-homologous antagonist killer |
| Bax | Bcl-2-associated X protein |
| BMX | NBM-T-BMX-OS01 |
| Bu2cAMP | Dibutyryl-CAMP |
| CAMKK2 | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 |
| cAMP | Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate |
| CFs | Cardiac fibroblasts |
| cGMP | Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate |
| CGRPR1 | Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors 1 |
| Chk1 | Checkpoint 1 kinase |
| cIAP2 | Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis-2 |
| CMC | Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| DNCB | Dinitrochlorobenzene |
| DNCB | Dinitrochlorobenzene |
| DOX | Doxorubicin |
| ESCC | Clonogenicity of esophageal cell carcinoma |
| HIF-1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α |
| HSCs | Hepatic stellate cells |
| IL-6 | Interleukin 6 |
| IL-8 | Interleukin 8 |
| iNOS | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| IR | Infrared |
| LD50 | Medium lethal dosage |
| MCAO/R, | Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, |
| MMP-9 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9 |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide |
| NIR | Near-infrared |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| OGD/R | Oxygen-glucose deficiency/reperfusion |
| OPG | Osteoprotegerin |
| p-AKT | Phosphorylated AKT pathway |
| PDEs | Phosphodiesterases |
| PI3K/Akt-1 | Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt-1) |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| RANKL | Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand |
| Rip1 | Receptor-interacting protein 1 |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RSD | Relative standard deviation |
| SFE | Supercritical fluid extraction |
| SIRT1 | Silent information regulator 1 |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-beta |
| TGF-β1 | Transforming growth factor β1 |
| TRAIL | Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand |
| TXB2 | Thromboxane B2 |
| UV | Ultraviolet spectra |
| VEGFR2 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 |
| α-SMA | α-smooth muscle actin, |