Table 1.

Bone, allergic diseases, and the IL-33/IL-31 axis.

	IL-31	IL-33
Bone	Involvement in postmenopausal osteoporosis	Protective
Atopic dermatitis	Involvement in impairment of skin barrier function	Modulate eosinophil function. IL-33 inhibition: reduced IgE serum IgE levels, and mast cells and eosinophils infiltration
Asthma and allergic rhinitis	Asthma exacerbation	Inflammation and fibrotic damage. IL-33 inhibition: asthma improvement
Allergic contact dermatitis	Pruritus	Early warning system of skin damage. Inhibit contact hypersensitivity and induce Treg; IL-33 blockade worsens contact hypersensitivity.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria	Pruritus
Food allergy		Th2 response promotion. IL-33 inhibition: FA improvement