Figure 2.

Schematic presentation of the mechanisms via which essential fatty acid influence the four main pathogenetic factors in acne, including I. increased sebum production, II. altered follicular keratinization, III. Cutibacterium acnes colonization, and IV. inflammation. ARA, arachidonic acid; C. acnes, Cutibacterium acnes; GLA, gamma-linoleic acid; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; IL, interleukin; LTR4, leukotriene B4; mTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; PGE2, prostaglandin E2, SREBP-1c, sterol response element-binding protein-1c; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; ω-3, omega-3 fatty acids.