Table 4.

Bioactive compounds from animal and marine products waste.

Industry	Type of Waste	Bioactive Compounds	Bioactivity	Reference
Dairy products	Whey	Bioactive peptides from protein hydrolysate	Antioxidant, ACE inhibitor	[157]
		Bioactive milk oligosaccharides Neutral oligosaccharides Acidic sialylated oligosaccharides	Bifidogenic, anti-inflammatory, adherence inhibition of enteric pathogens.	[158]
		Galactooligosaccharides	Prebiotic.	[159]
	Colostrum	Lactoferrin	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, neuroprotective.	[160]
		Oligosaccharides	Prebiotic (bifidogenic), anti-inflammatory.	[161]
Meat products	Blood: Hemoglobin Plasma	Bioactive peptides from protein hydrolysate	Opioid, Antimicrobial, ACE inhibitor.	[162]
	Trimmings and cuttings	Bioactive peptides from protein hydrolysate	Antioxidant, ACE inhibitor.	[163]
	Bones Horns Skin	Collagen hydrolysate	Beneficial effect on bone metabolism, Antioxidant, ACE inhibitor.
Marine products	Shrimp shells, heads and tails	Chito-oligosaccharides	Antioxidant.	[164]
		Astaxanthin	Antioxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-aging.	[165]
		Polyunsaturated fatty acids Ω3	Beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases and mental health disorders.	[166]
	Salmon nasal cartilage	Proteoglycans	Anti-angiogenesis, relieving joint pain discomfort, promote wound healing.	[167,168,169]
	Salmon skin and trimmings	Bioactive peptides from protein hydrolysate	Anti-diabetic, antioxidant, ACE inhibitor, enhancing learning and memory in aged mice	[170,171,172]