Table 2.
Clinical features and serum hormone levels in patients with early-onset androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and in controls.
| Parameter | Patients with AGA: n = 43 | Group 1a: n = 21 | Group 2b: n = 22 | Control subjects: n = 36 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 24.3 (3.4) | 24.0 (3.9) | 24.5 (2.8) | 23.3 (2.7) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 (3.8)∗ | 27.9 (3.8)∗† | 23.0 (1.6)∗ | 23.7 (3) |
| Fat mass (%) | 15.6 (4.8) | 17.5 (4.1)∗d | 12.4 (4.7) | 13.2 (5.3) |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 167.5 (31.4) | 163.6 (35.4) | 171.2 (27.8) | 170.1 (38.2) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 49.2 (13.3) | 45.4 (10.9) | 52.7 (14.6) | 47.7 (9.1) |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 104.4 (25.0) | 101.7 (28.5) | 106.9 (21.9) | 100.4 (45.6) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 69.9 (38.5) | 82.5 (46.0)b | 58.1 (26.1) | 68.7 (35.6) |
| Glycaemia (mg/dl) | 84.4 (8.0) | 85.1 (8.9) | 83.7 (7.1) | 83.8 (6.1) |
| Insulin (μU/ml) | 8.8 (6.2) | 11.8 (7.7)† | 6.0 (2.1)∗ | 7.3 (3.2) |
| HOMA index | 1.9 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.8)∗† | 1.3 (0.5)∗ | 1.5 (0.7) |
| LH (mIU/ml) | 4.3 (1.8) | 4.9 (2.1)† | 3.8 (1.4) | 3.9 (2.2) |
| FSH (mIU/ml) | 3.1 (2.0) | 3.1 (1.8) | 3.2 (2.2) | 3.3 (2.5) |
| TT (ng/ml) | 5.8 (1.71)b | 5.2 (1.7)∗† | 6.3 (1.6) | 6.5 (2.0) |
| 17β-Estradiol (pg/ml) | 24.5 (9.6) | 22.9 (10.4) | 26.0 (8.7) | 25.6 (7.7) |
| Androstenedione (ng/ml) | 2.5 (1.1) | 2.6 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.0) | 2.3 (0.9) |
| DHEAS (μg/dl) | 304 (17.1)d | 321.5 (112.6) | 290.3 (97.0) | 257.8 (107.1) |
| 17αOH-P (ng/ml) | 2.1 (0.9)†∗ | 2.0 (1.1)c | 2.1 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.6) |
| Cortisol (nmol/l) | 429.6 (125.3) | 429.8 (132.9) | 429.3 (120.4) | 383.1 (119.0) |
| SHBG (nmol/l) | 32.9 (10.3) | 28.9 (9.7)d | 36.6 (9.9) | 34.7 (13.7) |
| Bio-T (%) | 44.8 (8.1) | 46.9 (7.6) | 43.0 (8.4) | 45.3 (11.1) |
| Free-T | 1.8 (0.4) | 2.0 (0.3) | 1.7 (0.4) | 1.8 (0.5) |
Abbreviations: 17αOH-P = 17α-hydroxyprogesterone; Bio-T = bioavailable testosterone; BMI = body mass index; Free-T = free testosterone; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; LH = luteinizing hormone; SHBG = Sex hormone-binding globulin; TT = total testosterone. aPatients with early-onset AGA with at least one of the following parameters: body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2, insulin-resistance (IR), and/or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) <25 nmol/l. bPatients with early-onset AGA which did not satisfy any of the aforementioned criteria. ∗P < 0.05 compared to controls; †P < 0.05 compared to Group 2; cP < 0.1 compared to controls; dP < 0.1 compared to Group 2 (Student's t-test). Results are expressed as mean value (standard deviation).