Table 2.

Incidence and adjusted hazard ratio of hip fracture stratified by PLA, age, gender, and comorbidities.

Variables	Event	PYs	Rate	Crude HR 95% CI	Adjusted HR 95% CI
PLA
No	2067	613796	33.7	Ref	Ref
Yes	616	137586	44.8	1.34 (1.22–1.46)	1.17 (1.07–1.29)
Age group, years
<45	42	141361	2.97	Ref	Ref
45–64	446	364211	12.3	4.16 (3.03–5.70)	3.48 (2.53–4.78)
≧65	2195	245811	89.3	31.1 (22.9–42.3)	21.4 (15.7–29.1)
Sex
Female	1479	277483	53.3	Ref	Ref
Male	1204	473900	25.4	0.48 (0.44–0.51)	0.65 (0.60–0.70)
Osteoporosis
No	2518	739214	34.1	Ref	Ref
Yes	165	12169	136	4.05 (3.46–4.75)	1.57 (1.32–1.85)
Liver cirrhosis
No	2630	746050	35.3	Ref	Ref
Yes	53	5332	99.4	2.89 (2.20–3.80)	1.8 (1.37–2.37)
CAD
No	2316	712661	32.5	Ref	Ref
Yes	367	38721	94.8	2.99 (2.67–3.34)	1.08 (0.96–1.22)
DM
No	1846	621865	29.7	Ref	Ref
Yes	837	129518	64.6	2.21 (2.03–2.39)	1.38 (1.26–1.50)
Epilepsy
No	2665	749657	35.6	Ref	Ref
Yes	18	1726	104	3.00 (1.89–4.77)	1.52 (0.95–2.43)
Hypertension
No	1866	662023	28.2	Ref	Ref
Yes	817	89360	91.4	3.36 (3.09–3.65)	1.23 (1.11–1.36)
Stroke
No	2291	720446	31.8	Ref	Ref
Yes	392	30936	127	4.13 (3.71–4.60)	1.64 (1.46–1.85)
ESRD
No	2637	747524	35.3	Ref	Ref
Yes	46	3858	119	3.48 (2.60–4.66)	2.05 (1.52–2.75)
COPD
No	2445	734019	33.3	Ref	Ref
Yes	238	17364	137	4.23 (3.70–4.83)	1.71 (1.48–1.97)

Model adjusted for gender, age, and comorbidities. PLA: pyogenic liver abscess; PYs: person-years; rate: incidence rate per 10000 person-years; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; CAD: coronary artery disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.