Table 1.
The main characteristics of the studies included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis.
| First Author | Study Year | City | Mean Age (± Standard Deviation; Minimum–Maximum) |
Sample Size | Prevalence Rate (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ghoreishi | 2008 | Zanjan | 23 ± 2.81 | 224 | 40.6 |
| Farhadi Nasab | 2008 | Hamadan | 21.73 ± 3.5 | 150 | 48.0 |
| Sahraian | 2010 | Shiraz | 21.5 ± 2.67 | 159 | 57.2 |
| Eslami Akbar | 2011 | Jahrom | 17–27 * | 418 | NA |
| Ghanei | 2011 | Urmia | 21 | 160 | 43.1 |
| Mansouri | 2012 | Tehran | 23.4 ± 2.7 | 277 | 73.3 |
| Aghajanloo | 2012 | Zanjan | 20.62 ± 1.26 | 162 | 86.4 |
| Rezaei Ardani | 2012 | Mashhad | 22.7 ± 2.6 | 310 | 39.8 |
| Rambod | 2012 | Shiraz | NA | 87 | 61.0 |
| Lashkaripour | 2012 | Zahedan | NA | 340 | 62.4 |
| Moudi | 2013 | Babol | 20–35 * | 153 | 78.8 |
| Ahmadzadeh Vosta | 2013 | Tehran | 26.1 ± 5.1 | 80 | 58.8 |
| Alimirzae | 2014 | Kerman | NA | 349 | 71.0 |
| Mousavi Asl | 2015 | Yasuj | 18–31 * | 151 | 69.95 |
| Foroutan | 2015 | Shahroud | 22.66 ± 0.90 | 42 | 64.3 |
| Rezaei | 2017 | Tehran | 22.1 ± 3.6 | 275 | NA |
| Bahrami | 2018 | Semnan | 21.78 ± 2.91 | 249 | NA |
NA: not available; * minimum–maximum.