Table 2.

Adjusted prevalence ratio with 95% CI for association of childhood SEP with participation in sports groups in older Japanese men in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) 2010 survey with all variable multiple imputations (n = 10,276).

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	PR (95% CI)	p	PR (95% CI)	p	PR (95% CI)	p	PR (95% CI)	p
Childhood SEP
High	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Middle	0.93 (0.84–1.02)	0.136	0.93 (0.84–1.03)	0.175	0.98 (0.89–1.09)	0.714	0.99 (0.89–1.09)	0.826
Low	0.82 (0.74–0.91)	<0.001	0.83 (0.75–0.92)	<0.001	0.92 (0.83–1.02)	0.120	0.93 (0.84–1.04)	0.191
Height
Tall			Reference		Reference		Reference
Middle-tall			1.00 (0.92–1.11)	0.849	1.03 (0.93–1.13)	0.596	1.04 (0.94–1.14)	0.469
Middle			0.93 (0.84–1.02)	0.127	0.96 (0.87–1.06)	0.390	0.98 (0.89–1.07)	0.620
Middle-short			0.90 (0.80–1.01)	0.076	0.95 (0.85–1.07)	0.428	0.98 (0.87–1.10)	0.689
Short			0.81 (0.69–0.95)	0.010	0.87 (0.75–1.02)	0.094	0.91 (0.77–1.06)	0.223
Education (years)
≥13					Reference		Reference
10–12					0.90 (0.83–0.97)	0.005	0.93 (0.86–1.01)	0.083
<10					0.70 (0.64–0.76)	<0.001	0.75 (0.69–0.82)	<0.001
Annual equivalized income
≥4.00 million yen							Reference
2.00–3.99 million yen							0.94 (0.86–1.04)	0.225
<2.00 million yen							0.86 (0.78–0.95)	0.003
Longest-held occupation
Non-manual							Reference
Manual							0.86 (0.80–0.92)	<0.001
None							0.69 (0.36–1.33)	0.267

SEP: socioeconomic position; PR: prevalence ratio; CI: confidence interval.

Model 1: Adjusted for health-related factors (age, medication, instrumental activities of daily living, self-rated health, depression, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, marital status, and social support).

Model 2: Model 1 + height.

Model 3: Model 2 + education.

Model 4: Model 3 + adulthood SEP (annual equivalized income, longest-held occupation).