Table 3.
Dioptric power of usual spectacles and refractive characteristics of the sample (n = 109).
| Variables | Usual Spectacles * | Refraction ** | p-Value *** | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| B (D) | |||||
| OD | 2.67 | 1.82 | 2.71 | 1.78 | 0.161 |
| OS | 2.56 | 1.86 | 2.61 | 1.84 | 0.085 |
| Addition (D) | 2.06 | 0.44 | 2.20 | 0.30 | <0.001 |
| n | % | n | % | p -Value **** | |
| Refractive error | |||||
| Emmetropia | 23 | 21.1 | 23 | 21.1 | 1.000 |
| Myopia | 55 | 50.5 | 55 | 50.5 | 1.000 |
| Hyperopia | 31 | 28.4 | 31 | 28.4 | 1.000 |
| Astigmatism | 39 | 35.8 | 32 | 29.4 | 0.392 |
| Presbyopia | |||||
| Moderate | 56 | 51.4 | 43 | 39.4 | 0.011 |
| Advanced | 53 | 48.6 | 66 | 60.6 | |
Abbreviations: OD: right eye; OS: left eye; B: overall blurring strength. * Power measured with lens analyser. ** Non-cycloplegic refraction performed by the optometrist. *** Paired Student’s t-test. **** Mc Nemar’s test. Bold results are statistically significant. The categories of the variables are in Italic type.