TABLE 2.

Overall recommendations for use with alcohol

Antimicrobial	Recommendations for use with alcohol
Penicillins	Alcohol may be consumed with penicillins.a
Cephalosporins	Avoid alcohol use with cefamandole, cefmetazole, cefoperazone, and cefotetan. Avoid alcohol use with ceftriaxone (i.v./i.m.)b due to the potential for a disulfiram-like reaction, which may be severe. Cefpodoxime and cefdinir are safe to be used with alcohol
Ciprofloxacin	Alcohol may be consumed with ciprofloxacin.a
Levofloxacin	Alcohol may be consumed with levofloxacin.a
Moxifloxacin	Alcohol may be consumed with moxifloxacin.a
Azithromycin	Alcohol may be consumed with azithromycin.a
Erythromycin	Alcohol should be avoided with erythromycin due to potential for delayed onset of action, decreased efficacy, and risk of toxicity.
Tetracycline	Alcohol may be consumed with tetracycline.a
Doxycycline	Alcohol may be consumed with doxycycline. Chronic alcoholics may require twice daily dosing of doxycycline.
Minocycline	Alcohol may be consumed with minocycline.a
Nitrofurantoin	Alcohol may be consumed with nitrofurantoin.a
Metronidazole	Data are controversial regarding risk of a disulfiram-like reaction.
Tinidazole	Alcohol may be consumed with tinidazole.
Secnidazole	Alcohol may be consumed with secnidazole.a
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	Alcohol may be consumed with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with minimal risk of adverse reactions.
Linezolid	Alcohol may be consumed with linezolid in moderation. Patients with high blood pressure should take caution to avoid excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages high in tyramine.
Tedizolid	Alcohol may be consumed with tedizolid in moderation. Patients with high blood pressure should take caution to avoid excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages high in tyramine.
Fluconazole	Alcohol may be consumed with fluconazole.a
Ketoconazole	Alcohol consumption should be avoided with ketoconazole due to risk of additive hepatotoxicity (from ketoconazole and alcohol) and adverse reactions.
Griseofulvin	Alcohol consumption should be avoided with griseofulvin due to risk of additive hepatotoxicity (from griseofulvin and alcohol) and adverse reactions.
Rifamycins	Rifamycins may be used in alcoholics without preexisting LFT elevations when appropriate monitoring can be performed.
Isoniazid	Alcohol consumption should be avoided with isoniazid due to risk of additive hepatotoxicity (from isoniazid and alcohol) and risk of adverse reactions.
Ethambutol	Unclear risk associated with alcohol consumption, as it is usually used in combination with other antituberculosis agents.
Ethionamide	Unclear risk associated with alcohol consumption; however, mild liver disease and alcohol use are not a contraindication for use of ethionamide if appropriate monitoring is performed.
Pyrazinamide	Possible risk of hepatotoxicity. Close monitoring and avoidance of alcohol are prudent.
Cycloserine	Unclear risk; package insert warns of seizure risk with alcohol consumption, but the basis for this warning was not identified.

^aCaution should be exercised, as robust data are lacking.

^bi.v., intravenous; i.m., intramuscular.