Table 3.

Phytochemical profile of various Cuscuta species

Name	Plant part	Solvent	Extraction	Separation technique	Phytochemicals	Refere-nces
C. reflexa	WP	MeOH	Maceration	CC	7’-(3’,4’-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]propenamide 7’-(4’-hydroxy,3’-methoxyphenyl)-N-[(4-butylphenyl)ethyl]propenamide 6,7-dimethoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-O-β-D- glucopyranoside-4H-1-benzopyrane-4-one, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-ethanoate 6,7,8-trimethoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one 3-(4-O- β-D-glucopyranoside-3, dimethoxyphenyl) -2-propen-1-ol	(38)
		--------	--------	HPLC	Kaempferol Quercetin Lupeol ß-sitosterol	(215)
		Aq. EtOH	Soxhlet	TLC	Gallic acid Quarcetin	(53)
		EtOH	--------	VLC	Odoroside H 21-hydroxyodoroside H Neritaloside Strospeside 16-_-hydroxydigitoxin N-trans and cis feruloyl tyramines Ethyl caffeate Coumarins Ursolic acid _-sitosterol Glucoside 4-O-p-coumaroyl-_-D-glucoside	(216)
		n-hex	Soxhlet	GC-MS	Heneicosanoic acid Pentadecanoic acid Hexadecenoic acid Heptadecanoic acid Octadecanoic acid	(217)
	Stem	EA	Maceration	GC-MS	1, 2, 3 Propanetriol, 1- acetate, Benzofuran 2, 3, dihydro Glycerol 1, 2- diacetate 1 H- 1, 2, 4-triazol-5-amine 1- ethyl- 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol Triacetin D - glucitol, 4 - O-hexyl 3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamic acid Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester 3,6 -di methoxy phenanthrene 3, 5 - di - tert -Butyl -4 -hydroxyanisol Vanillin 3 – aminopyrrolidine Cetene Sarcosine, N -isobutyryl, tetradecyl ester 4 - ((1E) – 3 – hydroxyl -1-propenyl)-2-methoxy phenol 1,5-diphenyl-2H-1,2,4-triazoline-3-thione 1-octadecene Heptanamide, N-(1-cyclohexylethyl)-2-methyl Scoparone Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester 3’-Methyl-2-benzylidene-coumaran-3-one	(218)
		Pet Eth	Soxhlet	CC	5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-(2,3-epoxy-3-methylbutyl)-flavanone (reflexin)	(206)
					Isorhamnetin Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside Isorhamnetin-3-O-robinobioside	(122)
		MeOH	Maceration	GC-MS	2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol Benzofuran-2,3-dihydro 3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole Hexatriacontane n-Hexadecanoic acid Scoparone Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester 1,3-Benzenediamine, N, N, N′, N′ tetramethyl- Phenol, 4(3-hydroxy1propenyl), 2-methoxy Phenol, 2,4 bis (1,1dimethylethyl); 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl para phenylene diamine Retinoic acid-5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro 2,4-Dihydroxy- 2,5-dimethyl-3(2H) furan-3-one 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2-Propyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-ol Pregn-4-ene-18-oic acid	(219)
	AP	MeOH	Maceration	Reverse phase HPLC	Swarnalin Cis-swarnelin Coumarin 5, 6, 7-trimethoxycoumarin	(205)
	------	Water	--------	---------	Aromadendrin Taxifolin Aromadendrin-7-0-β-D-glucopyranoside 3,5,7,8,4'-pentahydroxyflavanone Taxifolin-7-0-β-D-glucopyranoside Coccinoside B Pruning 3-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid 3-4-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid 3, 4, 5-O-Tricaffeoylquinic acid	(49)
	-------	DCM	Maceration	HPLC	Violaxanthin Lutein Lycopene β, ψ-carotene Rubixanthin β, β – carotene Esterified rubixanthin Lutein violaxanthin β-cryptoxanthin	(220)
	Fil.	Water	Maceration	CC	An antiviral protein with molecular weight about 14,000---18,000 daltons	(219)
C. chinesis	Fruit	50 % MeOH	-----------	CC	Cuscutamine Cuscutoside A (2′-hydroxyl asarinin 2′-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside Cuscutoside B (2′-hydroxyl asarinin 2′-O-β-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-glucopyranoside Hyperoside Astragalin Quercetin Quercetin-3-O-apiosyl (1-2)-galactoside Pinoresinol-4-O-glucoside Einoresinol Epipinoresinol) p-coumaric acid Caffeic acid Chlorogenic acid Arbutin	(194)
	Stem	Pet. eth CF	--------	---------	β-sitosterol d-sesamin 9(R) - hydroxy-d-sesamin D-pinoresinol daucosterol	(221)
	Seed	Pet. eth	Reflux	CC	Cuscutoside C (2′-hydroxyl asarinin 2′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) Cuscutoside D (2′-hydroxyl asarinin 2′-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside	(196)
		---------	--------	---------	Neo-sesamin Kaempferol Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 4', 4, 6-trihydroxyaurone Quercetin Hyperoside Palmitic acid Stearic acid β-sitosterol Daucosterol	(210)
		---------	--------	Reverse phase liquid chromatography	quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactoside-7-O-β-D-glucoside quercetin 3-O- β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1etin3D-galactoside hyperoside quercetin kaempferol	(218)
		Ether Water	Saponi-fication	CC	A trisaccharide Four new glycosidic acids (cuscutic acids A-D ) Acetic acid Propionic acid 2-methylbutyric acid Tiglic acid Nilic acid Convolvulinolic acid Jalapinolic acid	(194)
		95 % EtOH	--------	CC	Cuscutaresinols A−C (+)-sesamin (+)-xanthoxylol 9-hydroxysesamin (+)-pinoresinol Kaempferol Isorhamnetin	(212)
		95 % EtOH	--------	CC	Kaempferol Quercetin astragalin, isorhamnetin hyperoside	(22)
		n-hex	--------	Capillary GC	Sixteen fatty acids including Palmitic acid Linoleic acid Oleic acid Linolenic acid	(222)
		MeOH	--------	---------	Methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5dimethoxycinnamate, Caffeic acid Quercetin Kaempferol Calycopteretin	(223)
		EtOH	--------	CC	neocuscutosides A, B and C	(224)
	------	---------	--------	---------	Octadecyl (E)-p-coumarate Methyl 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-hydroxycinnamate Quercetin-3-O-(6″-galloyl) β-D-glucoside Kaempferol Astragalin Hyperoside Astragalin 6″-O-gallate β-sitosterol Daucosterol	(225)
C. japonica	Seed	MeOH	--------	FCC	3, 5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid 3, 4-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid Methyl 3, 5-Di-O-caffeoylquinate Methyl 3, 4-Di-O-caffeoylquinate	(226)
C. australis	Stem	80 % acetone	--------	CC	α-caroten-5 6-epoxide β-and γ-carotene Xanthophylls Taraxanthin Lutein Kaempferol	(227)
	Seed	---------	--------	GC	Cuscutic acids A1−A3 Acetic acid Isobutyric acid 2-methylbutyric acid Tiglic acid Nilic (3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric) acid	(217)
		---------	--------	---------	β –sitosterol Sesamin Hexadecanoic acid Hexadecanoic acid Kaempferol Quercetin Astragloside Hyperoside caffeic acid Quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-apiopyranoside	(228-229)
C. europaea	------	---------	--------	---------	Glycoside Flavonoids	(166)
C. campestris	AP	MeOH	Maceration	HPLC	Sinapic acid Quercetin Hesperidin Eugenol	(14)
C. racemosa	WP	70 % EtOH	Percolation	TLC	Flavonoids Tannins Flavonol (4’methoxyquercetin)	(214)
		MeOH	Socked	DCCC	Kaempherol Quercetin Pinoresinol 9-α-hydroxysesamin 9-β-hydroxysesamin Acuminatolide	(230)
		---------	--------	---------	Quercetin 5, 7, 3’, 4’-tetramethyl ether	(231)
C. pedicellata	WP	EtOH	--------	CC	Naringenin Kaempferol Aromadenderin Quercitin 3,5,7,30,50-pentahydroxy flavanone, Naringenin -7-O-b-D-glucoside Aromadenderin -7-O-b-D-glucoside, Taxifolin -7-O-b-D-glucoside, Kaempferol -3-O-b- D-glucoside Quercitin -3-O-b-D-glucoside	(26)
	Seed	Pet. eth	Soxhlet	CC	Quercetin Kaempferol Genkwanin Astragalin Palmitic acid	(232)
C. epithymum	WP	MeOH	Soxhlet	---------	Alkaloids Carbohydrates Flavonoids Glycosides Phytosterols Triterpenoids	(182)
C. approximata	AP	MeOH	Maceration	HPLC	Gallic acid Catechin Caffeic acid Chloregenic acid, Quercetin Coumarin,Vanilin, Eugenol	(14)
C. monogyna	AP	MeOH	Maceration	HPLC	Sinapic acid Catechin Caffeic acid Chloregenic acid Rutin Coumarin Vanilin Hesperidin Ellagic acid	(14)
C. mitraeformis	Stem	n-hex	--------	GC-FID GC-MS HPLC-DAD	Nonanal Thymol Eugenol β- carotene Lutein	( 78)
C. kotschyana	------	--------	--------	--------	Quercetin kaempferol	(233)

C: Cuscuta; WP: whole plant; AP: aerial parts; Fil: filament; Aq: aqueous; MeOH: methanol; EtOH: ethanol; Pet. eth: petroleum ether; n-hex: n-hexan; EA: ethyl acetate; DMC: dichloromethane; CC: column chromatography; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; RHPLC: reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography; TLC: thin layer chromatography; VLC: vacuum liquid chromatography; GC-MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; FCC: Flash Column Chromatography; DCCC: Droplet counter-current chromatography; FID: flame ionization detector; DAD: diode array detector