Algorithm 1: The VMD algorithm to decompose the GNSS time series

Initialize$\left\{{\hat{u}}_k^1\right\},\left\{{\hat{\omega }}_k^1\right\},{\hat{\lambda }}^1,n\leftarrow 0$, where $n$ is the iteration number.

repeat the entire cycle, $n\leftarrow n+1$.

For $k=1:K$ do     Update ${\hat{u}}_k$ for all $w\ge 0$, by Equation (8);     Update ${\omega }_k$, by Equation (10);   end for

Do dual ascent for all $w\ge 0$, by Equation (9);

until Iterative constraints satisfied: ${{\displaystyle {\sum }_k{\Vert {\hat{u}}_k^{n+1}-{\hat{u}}_k^n\Vert }_2^2/\Vert {\hat{u}}_k^n\Vert }}_2^2<\epsilon$