Table 2.
Univariate/multivariate logistic regression analysis for the association of pre−/post-operative characteristics with LCOS
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | Pvalue | |
| Age (days) | 0.992 (0.989,0.995) | < 0.001 | 0.992 (0.988,0.997) | 0.001 | |
| Gender | Male vs Female | 1.06 (0.92,1.22) | 0.4 | ||
| AI | 1.118 (1.008,1.239) | 0.034 | |||
| MR | 1.06 (0.99,1.14) | 0.1 | |||
| PI | 0.845 (0.751,0.951) | 0.005 | |||
| TR | 1.226 (1.13,1.33) | < 0.001 | 1.192 (1.072,1.326) | 0.001 | |
| RACHS-1 risk grade | 2.094 (1.903,2.304) | < 0.001 | 1.166 (1.011,1.345) | 0.035 | |
| Aortic shunt | Left-to-right vs None | 2.363 (1.904,2.932) | < 0.001 | 1.37 (1.005,1.867) | 0.046 |
| Right-to-left vs None | 27.469 (5.318,141.869) | < 0.001 | |||
| Bi-directional vs None | 5.087 (3.721,6.953) | < 0.001 | 1.716 (1.138,2.587) | 0.01 | |
| Atrial shunt | Left-to-right vs None | 1.396 (1.151,1.693) | 0.001 | 1.407 (1.097,1.805) | 0.007 |
| Right-to-left vs None | 4.412 (3.149,6.18) | < 0.001 | 3.168 (1.944,5.163) | < 0.001 | |
| Bi-directional vs None | 4.111 (3.34,5.059) | < 0.001 | 1.87 (1.389,2.519) | < 0.001 | |
| Ventricular level shunt | Left-to-right vs None | 0.37 (0.288,0.476) | < 0.001 | 0.676 (0.486,0.94) | 0.02 |
| Right-to-left vs None | 3.16 (0.65,15.32) | 0.2 | 3.458 (0.452,26.448) | 0.2 | |
| Bi-directional vs None | 2.452 (2.052,2.93) | < 0.001 | 2.09 (1.611,2.712) | < 0.001 | |
| Operation characteristics | Emergency non-extracorporeal surgery vs Selective extracorporeal surgery | 9.58 (0.6153.34) | 0.1 | ||
| Emergency extracorporeal surgery vs Selective extracorporeal surgery | 6.153 (4.425,8.556) | < 0.001 | |||
| Selective non-extracorporeal surgery vs Selective extracorporeal surgery | 0 (0,1.053157E255) | 0.97 | |||
| Elective thoracotomy vs Selective extracorporeal surgery | 0 (0) | 0.98 | |||
| History of heart surgery | YES vs NO | 2.17 (1.772,2.658) | < 0.001 | ||
| Residual shunt | YES vs NO | 4.264 (2.252,8.073) | < 0.001 | 3.489 (1.502,8.105) | 0.004 |
| LVOTO | YES vs NO | 3.81 (2.078,6.988) | < 0.001 | 3.934 (1.673,9.254) | 0.002 |
| RVOTO | YES vs NO | 5.82 (2.967,11.418) | < 0.001 | 3.638 (1.225,10.798) | 0.02 |
| Circulating temperature | Mild hypothermia vs Normal temperature | 3.271 (2.741,3.903) | < 0.001 | 1.526 (1.205,1.934) | < 0.001 |
| Deep hypothermia vs Normal temperature | 9.289 (5.328,16.194) | < 0.001 | 1.369 (0.587,3.194) | 0.467 | |
| Middle and low temperature vs Normal temperature | 7.691 (6.202,9.537) | < 0.001 | 1.738 (1.236,2.443) | 0.001 | |
| Circulation method | Low flow vs Full flow | 11.395 (3.47,37.422) | < 0.001 | ||
| Cerebral perfusion vs Full flow | 3.671 (2.591,5.199) | < 0.001 | |||
| Parallel CPB vs Full flow | 0.94 (0.63,1.42) | 0.8 | |||
| Circulatory arrest vs Full flow | 2.813 (1.274,6.214) | 0.011 | |||
| Cardio-cerebral Perfusion vs Full flow | 1.90 (0.22,16.28) | 0.6 | |||
| CPB duration (min) | 1.016 (1.014,1.017) | < 0.001 | 1.009 (1.006,1.012) | < 0.001 | |
| Aortic clamping time (min) | 1.026 (1.023,1.028) | < 0.001 | |||
| Postoperative rhythm of the heart | III°AVB vs Sinus rhythm | 9.181 (3.81,22.121) | < 0.001 | ||
| II°AVB vs Sinus rhythm | 2.869 (1.048,7.851) | 0.04 | |||
| Atrioventricular dissociation vs Sinus rhythm | 2.30 (0.49,10.83) | 0.3 | |||
| Supraventricular tachycardia vs Sinus rhythm | 4.59 (0.84,25.1) | 0.1 | |||
| Difficult to wean from CPB | YES vs NO | 4.524 (1.129,18.121) | 0.033 | ||
| Myocardial preservation | HTK vs Cold blood cardioplegia (4:1) | 4.744 (4.014,5.607) | < 0.001 | 1.677 (1.298,2.167) | < 0.001 |
| BMI | <5th percentile vs 5th~5th percentile | 1.305 (1.086,1.569) | 0.004 | ||
| >95th percentile vs 5th~5th percentile | 1.03 (0.82,1.28) | 0.8 | |||
| LVEF | < cut off value vs Normal | 1.07 (0.90,1.27) | 0.4 | ||
| > cut off value vs Normal | 1.09 (0.87,1.37) | 0.5 | |||
| LVFS | < cut off value vs Normal | 1.18 (1.00,1.4) | 0.1 | ||
| > cut off value vs Normal | 1.18 (0.93,1.48) | 0.2 | |||
| Mitral insufficiency | YES vs NO | 1.309 (1.006,1.702) | 0.045 | 1.714 (1.239,2.37) | 0.001 |
| Mitral stenosis | YES vs NO | 1.77 (0.87,3.64) | 0.1 | ||
Abbreviation: OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, LCOS Low Cardiac Output Syndrome, BMI Body Mass Index, AI Aortic Insufficiency, MR Mitral Regurgitation, PI Pulmonary Insufficiency, TR Tricuspid Regurgitation, LVEF Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, LVFS left ventricular fraction shortening, CPB Cardiopulmonary Bypass, LVOTO Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction, RVOTO Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction, HTK histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate, AVB atrioventricular block