Table 5:
Summary of findings for case duration in iMRI suites.
| Time measured | Definitions used | Duration mean ±SD or median (range) (minutes) | Study (author and year) | N (included cases) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case Duration | time of the first vital signs recording in the anesthetic record to leaving the OR: OR entry to exit: total anesthesia time: time of total operation, not further defined: OR entry until skin closure: induction to pin removal: induction to extubation or operating room exit if the patient remained intubated: |
407±143 for iMRI and 285±122 for controls (p<0.001) 428±143 439 (185–710) mean 306 (range 210–460) 432.6±15.57 for iMRI, 369.2±19.85, p <0.001 458 min for iMRI and 387 min for control (p<0.001) 200–450 (no mean provided) 383±123 for the first 100 patients and 328±122 for the last 100 patients of 300 consecutive cases (p=0.007) |
Archer/McTaggart 2002 Choudhri 2014 Cox 2011 Panigrahi 2012 Guo 2013 Iturri-Clavero 2016 Panigrahi 2008 Raheja 2015 |
152 (76 per cohort) 168 104 388 50 (25 iMRI/25 controls) 159 (109 iMRI, 50 controls) 112 300 (100 in each cohort) |
| Induction Time | from OR entry until ready for positioning: | 84 for iMRI, 78 for control (no difference) | Iturri-Clavero 2016 | 159 (109 iMRI, 50 controls) |
| Set-up Time | intubation to incision: OR entry to incision: induction to incision: |
mean 93 (range 30–180) 91±40 mean 56 min (no range provided) |
Barua 2009 Choudhri 2014 Panigrahi 2012 |
65 168 388 |
| Positioning Time | end of induction time to incision: time of pin application until “patient was shifted back after preoperative MRI”: |
88 for iMRI, 30 for control (p<0.001) 20–60 (no mean provided) |
Iturri-Clavero 2016 Panigrahi 2008 |
159 (109 iMRI, 50 controls) 112 |
| Surgery Time | skin incision to closure: not further defined: |
255±10.6 for iMRI and 186±125 for controls; longer by 57±16 (p 0.01). 316±130 284 for iMRI, 276 for control (no difference) mean 7.3 h (range 4.0 –13.9) 245±117 for the first 100 patients and 244±107 for the last 100 patients of 300 consecutive cases (p=0.83) median 239 (69–565) |
Ahmadi 2016 Choudhri 2014 Iturri-Clavero 2016 Maldaun 2014 Raheja 2015 Cox 2011 |
1126 (516 in IMRI group, 610 controls) 168 159 (109 iMRI, 50 controls) 42 300 (100 in each cohort) 104 |
| iMRI Timea | time to complete the iMRI: | 53±11 29.4±13.6 mean 34.1 (range 19–68) 21 mean 25.3 (range 5.3–58.0) 10–30min |
Cox 2011 Fomekong 2014 Jankovski 2008 Kamata 2016 Maldaun 2014 Schmitz 2003 |
220 scans (105 cases) 73 26 scans (21 cases) 580 scans (365 cases) 42 80 |
Abbreviations: SD: standard deviation; iMRI: intraoperative magnet-resonance imaging; OR: operating room.
iMRI acquisition time depends on the imaging sequences used. The following sequences were reported: Fomekong 2014: T1-weighted sagittal, T1-weighted coronal and T2 weighted coronal, all with fast spin-echo (FSE) technique; Jankovski 2008: T1- and T2-weighted fast spin echo, fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences, with additional echo planar imaging, spin echo, diffusion-weighted and time-of-flight phlebogram as needed; Maldaun 2014: T1-weighted spin echo, T2-weighted turbo spin echo, FLAIR, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). MRI sequences were not specified in the manuscripts by Cox, Kamata, and Schmitz.