Table 1.
Main characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Country | Design | Sample Size (n) | Age (year) | Follow-up (month) | Outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laparoscopic | Conventional | Laparoscopic | Conventional | Early | Late | ||||
| Gadallah 1999 [16] | USA | RCT | 76 | 72 | 45.0 ± 1.8 | 47.2 ± 2.4 | 0.5 | 0.5–8 | complications |
| Wright [14] 1999 | UK | RCT | 24 | 21 | 46.4 ± 14.8 | 49.3 ± 20.2 | 1.5 | 1.5–26 | complications |
| Tsimoyiannis 2000 [10] | Greece | RCT | 25 | 25 | 53.7 ± 12.2 | 61.4 ± 6.1 | 36 | complications | |
| Jwo 2010 [12] | Taiwan | RCT | 37 | 40 | 56.6 ± 13.4 | 54.4 ± 16.5 | 1 | 1–8 | complications |
| Laanen 2018 [17] | Netherlands | RCT | 46 | 44 | 62.6 ± 14.1 | 64.5 ± 14.1 | 8 | complications | |
| Qiao 2012 [18] | China | RCT | 58 | 58 | 47.64 ± 13.73 | 24 | complications | ||
| Qu 2017 [19] | China | RCT | 35 | 35 | 39.4 ± 11.3 | 39.8 ± 11.2 | 12 | complications | |
| Xu 2010 [20] | China | RCT | 25 | 25 | 53.6 ± 14.6 | 59.2 ± 16.8 | 18 | complications | |