Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for female participants’ characteristics and outcomes by time point and intervention status (n = 634)
| Variable | Time point | Control (C) n = 141 |
BONES (B) n = 202 |
BONES + Parents (P) n = 291 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean | 95% CI | n | Mean | 95% CI | n | Mean | 95% CI | ||
| Age (yr) | T0 | 111 | 7.1 | (6.98, 7.21) | 156 | 7.21 | (7.09, 7.32) | 221 | 7.17 | (7.07, 7.27) |
| Height (cm) | T0 | 107 | 122.01 | (120.68, 123.33) | 152 | 123.10 | (121.9, 124.29) | 210 | 121.89 | (120.95, 122.83) |
| Weight (kg)a | T0 | 107 | 25.24 | (24.23, 26.25) | 152 | 27.59 | (26.4, 28.79) | 211 | 26.19 | (25.32, 27.06) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||||||
| White | T0 | 54 | (64.3%) | 69 | (50.7%) | 123 | (67.2%) | |||
| Black | T0 | 8 | (9.5%) | 13 | (9.6%) | 18 | (9.8%) | |||
| Hispanic | T0 | 4 | (4.8%) | 24 | (17.7%) | 18 | (9.8%) | |||
| Other | T0 | 18 | (21.4%) | 30 | (22.1%) | 24 | (13.1%) | |||
| BMI z-score | T0 | 101 | 0.50 | (0.32, 0.68) | 147 | 0.79 | (0.63, 0.96) | 207 | 0.66 | (0.54, 0.78) |
| T1 | 87 | 0.60 | (0.38, 0.82) | 114 | 0.68 | (0.5, 0.87) | 204 | 0.65 | (0.53, 0.78) | |
| T2 | 60 | 0.69 | (0.42, 0.96) | 65 | 0.88 | (0.63, 1.13) | 146 | 0.73 | (0.58, 0.89) | |
| Percent body fat (%) | T0 | 109 | 19.66 | (18.79, 20.53) | 152 | 19.53 | (18.53, 20.53) | 207 | 19.77 | (18.98, 20.56) |
| T1 | 88 | 20.93 | (19.51, 22.36) | 136 | 21.07 | (20.04, 22.1) | 210 | 20.97 | (20.07, 21.86) | |
| T2 | 60 | 21.21 | (19.69, 22.74) | 62 | 22.65 | (21.06, 24.25) | 150 | 21.89 | (20.94, 22.85) | |
| Calcium-rich food knowledge scorec | T0 | 104 | 6.48 | (6.16, 6.8) | 152 | 6.47 | (6.21, 6.74) | 212 | 6.65 | (6.44, 6.86) |
| T1 | 89 | 6.67 | (6.37, 6.98) | 139 | 7.26 | (7.03, 7.49) | 206 | 7.31 | (7.1, 7.52) | |
| T2 | 62 | 6.98 | (6.61, 7.35) | 65 | 7.72 | (7.47, 7.98) | 143 | 7.60 | (7.38, 7.82) | |
| Physical activity knowledge scorec | T0 | 110 | 5.76 | (5.44, 6.09) | 155 | 5.85 | (5.57, 6.13) | 211 | 6.04 | (5.83, 6.24) |
| T1 | 89 | 6.25 | (5.95, 6.55) | 140 | 6.44 | (6.22, 6.67) | 212 | 6.54 | (6.37, 6.72) | |
| T2 | 65 | 6.23 | (5.93, 6.53) | 66 | 6.53 | (6.23, 6.83) | 143 | 6.66 | (6.45, 6.86) | |
| Calcium-rich food preference scorec | T0 | 103 | 3.39 | (3.16, 3.61) | 152 | 3.33 | (3.16, 3.5) | 212 | 3.41 | (3.25, 3.57) |
| T1 | 88 | 3.47 | (3.24, 3.7) | 139 | 3.33 | (3.13, 3.53) | 205 | 3.61 | (3.47, 3.76) | |
| T2 | 62 | 3.40 | (3.14, 3.67) | 65 | 3.28 | (3.01, 3.55) | 143 | 3.55 | (3.36, 3.74) | |
| Total calcium intake (mg)c | T0 | 95 | 919 | (818, 1020) | 152 | 1066 | (980, 1152) | 207 | 1055 | (979, 1131) |
| T1 | 89 | 916 | (809, 1022) | 139 | 1178 | (1071, 1286) | 207 | 1194 | (1118, 1269) | |
| T2 | 61 | 922 | (805, 1038) | 65 | 1125 | (987, 1264) | 145 | 1065 | (981, 1150) | |
| MET scorec | T0 | 110 | 24.62 | (22.52, 26.71) | 155 | 25.08 | (23.19, 26.98) | 211 | 24.85 | (23.31, 26.39) |
| T1 | 89 | 27.44 | (25.27, 29.61) | 140 | 27.34 | (25.42, 29.25) | 213 | 28.89 | (27.49, 30.29) | |
| T2 | 66 | 24.94 | (21.96, 27.92) | 66 | 25.13 | (22.82, 27.44) | 143 | 28.44 | (26.66, 30.23) | |
| WBF scorec | T0 | 110 | 3.94 | (3.52, 4.36) | 155 | 3.97 | (3.62, 4.33) | 211 | 4.00 | (3.7, 4.3) |
| T1 | 89 | 4.27 | (3.84, 4.7) | 140 | 4.53 | (4.15, 4.91) | 213 | 4.81 | (4.53, 5.08) | |
| T2 | 66 | 4.08 | (3.5, 4.67) | 66 | 4.14 | (3.64, 4.63) | 143 | 4.78 | (4.43, 5.13) | |
| Grip strength (kg) | T0 | 109 | 10.48 | (10.04, 10.91) | 154 | 10.85 | (10.47, 11.24) | 212 | 11.05 | (10.46, 11.64) |
| T1 | 91 | 10.92 | (10.4, 11.44) | 137 | 11.11 | (10.68, 11.54) | 215 | 11.40 | (11.02, 11.79) | |
| T2 | 61 | 12.04 | (11.28, 12.8) | 66 | 12.75 | (12.12, 13.39) | 151 | 12.71 | (12.22, 13.21) | |
| Vertical jump (in) | T0 | 112 | 11.19 | (10.79, 11.59) | 152 | 11.32 | (11.01, 11.63) | 206 | 11.46 | (11.18, 11.74) |
| T1 | 91 | 11.55 | (11.15, 11.96) | 137 | 11.6 | (11.27, 11.93) | 214 | 11.92 | (11.63, 12.22) | |
| T2 | 62 | 12.35 | (11.82, 12.88) | 65 | 12.26 | (11.82, 12.7) | 151 | 12.27 | (11.96, 12.58) | |
| Bone stiffness index | T0 | 50 | 62.95 | (59.15, 66.75) | 72 | 63.39 | (61.13, 65.65) | 105 | 64.57 | (62.46, 66.69) |
| T1 | 71 | 64.34 | (61.99, 66.69) | 106 | 64.70 | (62.55, 66.84) | 135 | 64.95 | (63.14, 66.77) | |
| T2 | 50 | 62.64 | (60.09, 65.19) | 50 | 65.72 | (62.73, 68.71) | 124 | 64.92 | (63.25, 66.58) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, MET metabolic equivalent time, WBF weight-bearing factor
Range of scores: Calcium-rich food knowledge score: 0–11; Physical activity knowledge score: 0–9; Calcium-rich food preference score: 0–5; Total calcium intake (mg): 0–3661.5; MET score: 0–46.8; WBF score: 0–7.5
aAverage weight of C is significantly lower than B