Figure 5.

Residual energy relative to the number of rounds. (a) Total residual energy of HMGWO against SEP, DEEC, M-SEP, and FIGWO when the ratio of advanced nodes is $\alpha =0.1$; (b) Total residual energy of HMGWO relative to SEP, DEEC, M-SEP, and FIGWO the ratio of advanced nodes is $\alpha =0.2$; (c) The residual energy deviation of HMGWO is compared with SEP, DEEC, M-SEP, and FIGWO when the ratio of advanced node is 0.1; (d) The residual energy deviation of HMGWO is compared with SEP, DEEC, M-SEP, and FIGWO when the ratio of advanced node is 0.2.