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(a) Electric potential between the WE and reference electrode (RE) prehybridization for a measurement current (im) at an external bias of V0. (b) After hybridization, the electronic potential between the RE and WE decreases by ΔE due to the negative charge on the hybridized oligonucleotide, ΔQ. There will be a reduction in the current if the external bias is identical to V0. (c) To retrieve the identical current (im), the external bias V1 must be increased by ΔE: (V1 = V0 + ΔE).
