| EMU | Electric Multiple Unit |
| EMU-ODS | Electric Multiple Unit Onboard Detection System |
| TADS | Trackside Acoustic Device System |
| RNN | Recursive Neural Network |
| LSTM | Long Short-Term Memory |
| MLSTM | Multilayer Long Short-Term Memory |
| iForest | Isolation Forest |
| MLSTM-iForest | Multilayer Long Short-Term Memory–Isolation Forest |
| WTDS | Wireless Transmit Device System |
| RMSE | Root Mean Square Error |