Table 7.
Summary of the experimental evaluation of the VLC system in various outdoor conditions.
| Sunlight Irradiance at Sensor Level [μW/cm2] | VLC Receiver FOV | Average BER | Uncontrolled Outdoor Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1500 –2200 |
30° | <10−6 | Cloudy afternoon |
|
4000 –4500 |
30° | ≈10−4 | Bright day, with no direct visibility of the sun. See Figure 7a |
| 12,000 –17,500 |
7.5° | <10−6 | The sun sets and its irradiance is gradually decreasing. |
| 25,000 –50,000 |
7.5° | 10−4–10−6 | Bright sun conditions, with no clouds. The sun is located right above the VLC emitter, directly facing the VLC receiver. Worst case scenario for VLC. See Figure 7c |
| 63,000 –67,250 |
15° | 10−3–10−5 | Bright sun conditions, with no clouds. The sun was initially located left of the VLC receiver; As it travels the sky, toward sunset, its influence on the VLC receiver increases, which explains the variable BER. In this setup, the sun is not directly facing the VLC receiver. The sun is on the same axis with the VLC systems, facing the receiver. See Figure 7b |