. 2020 Feb 24;19(1):175–186.

Table 1.

Differences in applied force and heart rate between intensities.

		High intensity	Medium intensity	Low intensity
			Applied force
Shoulder abduction	Mean	1.26 (0.55)^*	0.83 (0.39)^**	0.56 (0.31)
Shoulder abduction	Peak	4.66 (1.11)^*	3.86 (0.98)	3.35 (1.51)
Elbow flexion	Mean	3.78 (1.11)^*	2.66 (0.95)^**	1.73 (0.80)
Elbow flexion	Peak	9.91 (1.92)^*	7.89 (1.77)	6.63 (2.83)
Hip abduction	Mean	2.86 (1.69)^*	1.23 (0.77)^**	0.33 (0.35)
Hip abduction	Peak	11.44 (3.38)^*	7.16 (2.19)^**	3.32 (2.08)
Hip extension	Mean	5.34 (2.17)^*	2.77 (1.15)^**	1.16 (0.52)
Hip extension	Peak	17.54 (3.43)^*	12.36 (2.39)^**	8.00 (2.07)
			Heart rate
Shoulder abduction		105.04 (15.96)^*	100.04 (15.11)^†	97.87 (14.19)
Elbow flexion		105.71 (14.94)^*	100.83 (15.19)^**	96.08 (14.05)
Hip abduction		107.17 (15.13)^*	100.37 (13.96)^**	97.42 (13.60)
Hip extension		107.87 (16.93)^*	101.08 (14.92)^**	96.79 (14.35)

Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation) of the different intensities (i.e., different grip widths). Applied force: kilograms for the peak and mean values obtained during the 15 repetitions at the different intensities; heart rate: beats per minute at just end of the 15 repetitions at the different intensities.

* Very significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) with medium and low intensities.

** Very significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) with low intensities.

† Significant differences (p < 0.05) with low intensities.