Table 1.

Results of Measures of Serum DAAO, Plasma Amino Acids, and Plasma Antioxidants Over the 6-Week Treatment Between Sodium Benzoate and Placebo Groups

Measures		Sodium Benzoate Mean ± SD	Placebo Mean ± SD	p value
DAAO protein, ng/mL	Baseline	46.3 ± 13.1	45.1 ± 17.2	0.304*
	Endpoint	45.7 ± 16.7	50.3 ± 20.7	0.349*
	Difference	−0.2 ± 13.8	2.8 ± 20.4	0.610*
L-Serine, ng/mL	Baseline	3562.7 ± 1274.6	3287.8 ± 1014.3	0.313*
	Endpoint	3569.6 ± 1187.2	3275.5 ± 958.6	0.403*
	Difference	−0.1 ± 1128.3	−70.7 ± 748.3	0.979*
D-Serine, ng/mL	Baseline	55.2 ± 35.0	53.4 ± 27.4	0.895*
	Endpoint	53.1 ± 25.9	47.4 ± 24.3	0.254*
	Difference	−2.7 ± 36.4	−6.1 ± 19.0	0.403*
Glycine, ng/mL	Baseline	4578.7 ± 1926.9	5117.0 ± 2495.6	0.298*
	Endpoint	5315.5 ± 2332.2	4730.8 ± 2054.3	0.154*
	Difference	649.8± 2757.6	−97.0 ± 2613.5	0.242*
L-Alanine, ng/mL	Baseline	13271.8 ±4401.9	12649.5 ± 3230.6	0.475*
	Endpoint	12351.0 ± 3933.7	12820.7 ± 4362.6	0.798*
	Difference	−1087.5 ± 4613.0	219.4 ± 3756.4	0.146*
D-Alanine, ng/mL	Baseline	42.4 ± 39.2	37.8 ± 26.2	0.976*
	Endpoint	34.5 ± 33.2	36.4 ± 39.9	0.930*
	Difference	−8.1 ± 51.9	−1.4 ± 31.7	0.484
SOD protein, U/mL	Baseline	0.04 ± 0.05	0.04 ± 0.06	0.805
	Endpoint	0.05 ± 0.06	0.06 ± 0.06	0.368
	Difference	0.01 ± 0.05	0.02 ± 0.05	0.346
CAT activity, nmol/min/mL	Baseline	55.3 ± 33.5	61.8 ± 32.9	0.278*
	Endpoint	61.5 ± 37.9	58.8 ± 31.0	0.948*
	Difference	6.5 ± 46.5	−0.6 ± 33.2	0.394*

Note: *Mann–Whitney U-test.

Abbreviations: DAAO, D-amino acid oxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase.