Table 4.
Accuracy obtained for each joint, in the 3D, in the four test movements: walking, stair ascent, stair descent, and obstacle crossing.
| Mean ROM (°) | Mean RMSE (°) | Mean ∆ROM (°) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking | Stair Ascent |
Stair Descent |
Obstacle Crossing | Walking | Stair Ascent |
Stair Descent |
Obstacle Crossing | Walking | Stair Ascent |
Stair Descent |
Obstacle Crossing |
||
| Pelvis Sagittal | 12.8 | 18.4 | 24.4 | 18.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.7 * | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |
| Pelvis Frontal | 6.8 | 13.7 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 0.9 | 2.2* | 2.6 * | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.9 * | 1.0 | |
| Pelvis Transverse | 17.9 | 20.0 | 47.6 | 27.1 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 3.5 * | 2.0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.8 * | 0.6 | |
| Front | Hip Sagittal | 50.4 | 83.5 | 69.7 | 104.5 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 7.8 * | 7.3 * | 1.2 | 1.0 | 2.6 * | 1.5 |
| Hip Frontal | 14.0 | 18.1 | 30.8 | 17.4 | 2.4 | 4.3 * | 4.9 * | 3.5 * | 2.1 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 2.9 | |
| Hip Transverse | 18.4 | 20.6 | 30.0 | 21.4 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 4.2 * | 4.5 * | 2.0 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 2.8 | |
| Knee Sagittal | 73.3 | 98.7 | 101.6 | 119.2 | 3.6 | 5.3 | 12.8 * | 10.2 * | 1.3 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 5.3 * | |
| Knee Frontal | 11.8 | 13.6 | 15.3 | 14.4 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 2.5 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 6.5 * | |
| Knee Transverse | 18.9 | 19.1 | 25.3 | 27.8 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 5.4 * | 5.1 * | 1.9 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 5.6 * | |
| Ankle Sagittal | 46.3 | 45.4 | 76.5 | 48.4 | 2.1 | 5.7 * | 7.9 * | 4.3 * | 1.6 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 6.8 | |
| Ankle Frontal | 18.5 | 21.6 | 25.1 | 21.9 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 4.0 * | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 3.0 | |
| Ankle Transverse | 21.3 | 18.4 | 24.5 | 21.2 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 3.6 * | 4.1 | 4.4 | 1.9 | 3.0 | |
| Back | Hip Sagittal | 46.9 | 83.2 | 65.6 | 65.9 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 5.9 * | 5.1 * | 0.9 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 1.1 |
| Hip Frontal | 15.0 | 20.2 | 29.9 | 19.6 | 1.8 | 5.2 * | 4.0 * | 3.3 * | 1.5 | 4.8 * | 1.9 | 3.6 | |
| Hip Transverse | 17.2 | 23.7 | 29.8 | 22.0 | 2.0 | 3.2 * | 4.7 * | 3.1 * | 1.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 1.4 | |
| Knee Sagittal | 75.2 | 94.1 | 103.5 | 129.6 | 3.2 | 5.3 | 11.3 * | 12.3 * | 1.0 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 5.1 * | |
| Knee Frontal | 10.4 | 16.2 | 16.3 | 15.3 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4.4 * | 4.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 4.9 | |
| Knee Transverse | 19.7 | 19.8 | 24.0 | 27.5 | 2.3 | 4.1 * | 5.3 * | 4.9 * | 1.3 | 2.9 | 4.1 * | 3.3 | |
| Ankle Sagittal | 41.0 | 50.8 | 70.8 | 43.9 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 9.0 * | 7.2 * | 1.0 | 6.4 * | 3.5 | 4.6 | |
| Ankle Frontal | 17.4 | 18.4 | 22.1 | 22.7 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 3.5 * | 3.9 * | 2.4 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 | |
| Ankle Transverse | 19.8 | 17.8 | 22.1 | 31.8 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 3.9 * | 5.0 * | 1.8 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 10.5 * | |
ROM: range of motion, RMSE: root mean square error, ∆ROM: absolute difference in range of motion, *: significant difference in the post hoc test against the walking task.