Hagenacker 2014

Methods	Cross‐over RCT
Participants	Country of study: Germany Setting: laboratory Condition: trigeminal neuralgia Prior management details: stable medication for 6 months prior to study, no invasive procedures prior to study n = 17 Age range: 32‐72 years Duration of symptoms: range 2‐27 years, mean 13 Gender distribution: 7 M, 10 F
Interventions	Stimulation type: tDCS Stimulation parameters: intensity 1 mA, 40 cm2 electrodes, duration 20 min Stimulation location: anode ‐ M1 contralateral to painful side, cathode supraorbital contralateral to anode Number of treatments: daily, self‐administered for 14 days Control type: sham tDCS
Outcomes	Primary: pain VAS When taken: postintervention Secondary: AEs
Notes	Study authors' COI statement: "Tim Hagenacker has received research support from Astellas and CSL Behring. Vera Bude, Steffen Naegel have nothing to disclose. Dagny Holle has received research support from Grünental and Allergan. Mark Obermann has received scientific support and/or honoraria from Biogen Idec, Novartis, Sanofi‐Aventis, Genzyme, Pfizer, Teva. He received research grants from Allergan, Electrocore, and the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). Hans‐Christoph Diener has received honoraria for participation in clinical trials, contribution to advisory boards or lectures from Addex Pharma, Allergan, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Bayer Vital, Berlin Chemie, Coherex Medical, CoLucid, Böhringer Ingelheim, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Grünenthal, Janssen‐Cilag, Lilly, La Roche, 3M Medica, Minster, MSD, Novartis, Johnson & Johnson, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Schaper and Brümmer, SanofiAventis, and Weber & Weber; received research support from Allergan, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Galaxo‐Smith‐Kline, Janssen‐Cilag, and Pfizer. Sources of support: "Headache research at the Department of Neurology in Essen is supported by the German Research Council (DFG), the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and the European Union."
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: method of randomisation not reported
Adequate blinding of participants?	Unclear risk	Comment: method of blinding not clearly stated
Adequate blinding of assessors?	Unclear risk	Comment: method of blinding not clearly stated
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Comment: 7/17 participants discontinued trial. Details of when not clear. Per‐protocol analysis
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Comment: all key outcomes reported
Free from carry‐over effects?	Unclear risk	No formal assessment of baseline equivalence reported
Study Size	High risk	Comment: n = 17, 10 after attrition
Study duration	High risk	Comment: only immediate postintervention follow‐up
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other bias detected