Nardone 2017

Methods	Parallel RCT
Participants	Country of study: Italy and Austria Setting: laboratory Condition: below level post SCI, predominantly neuropathic pain Prior management details: > 4/10 pain despite rehabilitation and pharmacological treatment. All participants previously treated with antidepressant, anticonvulsants and analgesics for a minimum period of 6 months n = 12 Age, mean (range): active group 43.7 (26‐56) years, sham group 42.5 (24‐62) years Duration of symptoms: not reported Gender distribution: 9 M, 3 F
Interventions	Stimulation type: rTMS Stimulation parameters: frequency 10 Hz; coil orientation AP direction, 120% RMT, number of trains 25; duration of trains 5 s; ITI 25s; total number of pulses 1250 Stimulation location: L PFC (no neuronavigation) Number of treatments: 10 sessions daily x 5 per week for 2 weeks Control type: sham coil ‐ same sound and appearance, no control for sensory cues
Outcomes	Primary: pain VAS anchors not reported When taken: postintervention, 1 month postintervention Secondary: none relevant AEs
Notes	Funding source: no statement provided regarding funding COI: the study authors declared no COI
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: method of randomisation not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: allocation concealment not reported
Adequate blinding of participants?	Unclear risk	Quote: “Sham stimulation was carried out with a sham coil of identical size color and shape emitting a sound similar to that emitted by the active coil.” Comment: Sham suboptimal ‐ no control for cutaneous sensation associated with stimulation
Adequate blinding of assessors?	Low risk	Quote “Pain was assessed by an investigator blinded to the type of rTMS subjects were receiving.”
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: no loss to follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Comment: data reported adequately
Study Size	High risk	Comment: n = 12
Study duration	Unclear risk	Comment: 1 month postintervention follow‐up
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other bias detected