Table 1:
Baseline characteristics in patients with refractory hypertension
| Demographics | |
| Age (years) | 53.0 ± 8.3 |
| Females | 26 (65.0%) |
| African Americans | 34 (85.0%) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Current smoker | 8 (20.0%) |
| Current alcohol | 18 (45.0%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 21 (52.5%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 7 (17.5%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 6 (15.0%) |
| Diabetes | 20 (50.0%) |
| Thyroid disorder | 7 (17.5%) |
| Prior stroke/transient ischemic attack | 6 (15.0%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 10 (25.0%) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 36.0 ± 6.4 |
| Biochemistry | |
| Sodium (mMol/L) | 138.3 ± 2.9 |
| Potassium (mMol/L) | 4.0 ± 0.5 |
| Bicarbonate (mMol/L) | 28.1 ± 2.8 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 17.4 ± 7.8 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 0.4 |
| Clinic Vitals | |
| AOBP systolic (mmHg) | 151.1 ± 23.5 |
| AOBP diastolic (mmHg) | 89.9 ± 13.8 |
| AOBP heart rate (beats/minute) | 76.7 ± 12.0 |
| ABPM Measurements | |
| 24-hour systolic BP (mmHg) | 157.5 ± 21.4 |
| 24-hour diastolic BP (mmHg) | 89.5 ± 13.0 |
| 24-hour mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 112.6 ± 14.6 |
| 24-hour pulse pressure (mmHg) | 68.1 ± 14.7 |
| 24-hour heart rate (beats/minute) | 75.4 ± 11.3 |
| Awake (day-time) systolic BP (mmHg) | 161.0 ± 21.2 |
| Awake (day-time) diastolic BP (mmHg) | 92.4 ± 14.4 |
| Awake (day-time) mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 115.6 ± 15.4 |
| Awake (day-time) pulse pressure (mmHg) | 68.8 ± 14.6 |
| Awake (day-time) heart rate (beats/minute) | 76.8 ± 11.4 |
| Asleep (night-time) systolic BP (mmHg) | 150.3 ± 23.1 |
| Asleep (night-time) diastolic BP (mmHg) | 83.7 ± 13.8 |
| Asleep (night-time) mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 106.3 ± 15.5 |
| Asleep (night-time) pulse pressure (mmHg) | 66.8 ± 16.2 |
| Asleep (night-time) heart rate (beats/minute) | 71.9 ± 12.8 |
AOBP, automated office blood pressure; ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring