Extended Data Table 1. Lifespan assays of L2^ox, L2^mean and L2^red subpopulations following heat shock treatment or in the continuous presence of paraquat or juglone.

Worms were sorted onto NGM plates and exposed to heat shock treatment or the indicated compounds. P values for Kaplan Meier survival analysis were calculated based on the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) method. Samples were compared to L2^ox subpopulations. Maximum lifespan was defined as the 10% of last survival population.

Condition	Experiment	Sorted population	Mean	Max	Dead/censored worms	P value	% change	Figure on text	Ratio BioSorter‡	P value (BioS.)
Heat shock (long term)	1	L2ox	19	32.5	24			Figure 2a	7.44±0.01(n=238)
		L2mean	17	31.5	19/4	0.639	10.5%*		7.37±0.02(n=135)	0.002
		L2red	13	27.3	32/1	0.0088	31.6%*		7.29±0.02(n=132)	0.2×10−8
	2	L2ox	17.5	25	29/13				7.06±0.01(n=698)
		L2red	12	21	20/3	0.0077	31.4%*		7.01±0.012(n=319)	0.002
	3	L2ox	18	25.9	96/2				7.15±0.007(n=893)
		L2red	15	24.2	77/1	0.0153	16.7%*		7.12±0.012(n=914)	0.009
Paraquat (2 mM)	1	L2ox	17	26	13			Figure 2b	7.09±0.02(n=116)
		L2mean	14	26	11	0.4456	17.6%*		6.99±0.033(n=113)	0.006
		L2red	10	21	20	0.0215	41.2%*		6.67±0.045(n=108)	0.2×10−13
	2	L2ox	13	18.5	38				7.35±0.017(n=158)
		L2red	11	18.5	40	0.0456	15.4%*		7.14±0.011(n=277)	0.1×10−19
	3	L2ox	13	18.6	47				6.71±0.02(n=139)
		L2red	12	15.5	38	0.0037	16.7%†		6.33±0.06(n=100)	0.8×10−7
Juglone (250 uM)	1	L2ox	23	32.4	72				6.59±0.012(n=428)
		L2red	19	32.4	73	0.0033	17.4%*		6.55±0.012(n=513)	0.007
	2	L2ox	18	33.3	86				7.43±0.01(n=186)
		L2red	18	29.5	59	0.0202	11,4%†		7.27±0.015(n=161)	0.1×10−16

^*percentage change based on mean lifespan.

^†percentage change based on max lifespan.

^‡Grx1-roGFP2 ratio of L2^ox and L2^red subpopulations, based on BioSorter analysis during sorting. Data represent mean ± SEM. n, number of worms. Unpaired t-test, two sided.