Table 1. Patient characteristics in the sex-and-age-matched and propensity-score-matched cohorts for the COPD with asthma cohort and COPD cohort.

	Age and Sex Matched					Propensity Score Matched
Variable	COPD with asthma cohort		COPD cohort			COPD with asthma cohort		COPD cohort
	(N = 12,538)		(N = 25,069)			(N = 9902)		(N = 9902)
	n	%	n	%	p-value	n	%	n	%	p-value
Age, year					0.99					0.001
20−49	2050	16.4	4100	16.4		1510	15.3	1672	16.9
50−64	3498	27.9	6996	27.9		3007	30.4	2709	27.4
≥ 65	6990	55.8	13973	55.7		5385	54.4	5521	55.8
Mean (SD)#	64.9	14.4	64.7	14.4	0.37	64.9	14.7	64.8	13.9	0.01
Gender					0.98					0.89
Female	5403	43.1	10805	43.1		4379	44.2	4389	44.3
Male	7135	56.9	14264	56.9		5523	55.8	5513	55.7
Comorbidity
Diabetes	1752	14.0	3273	13.1	0.01	1424	14.4	1452	14.7	0.57
Hypertension	7689	61.3	12107	48.3	<0.001	6084	61.4	6119	61.8	0.89
Hyperlipidemia	3832	30.6	6095	24.3	<0.001	3066	31.0	3075	31.1	0.89
Mental disorders	6455	51.5	8491	33.9	<0.001	5080	51.3	5111	51.6	0.66
Chronic kidney disease	336	2.68	654	2.61	0.68	279	2.82	284	2.87	0.83
Cardiovascular disease	6382	50.9	8341	33.3	<0.001	5080	51.3	5111	51.6	0.66
Medication
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs)	3204	25.6	814	3.25	<0.001	568	5.74	568	5.74	0.99
Oral steroids (OSs)	9791	78.1	10721	42.8	<0.001	7386	74.6	7377	74.5	0.88

SD, standard deviation.

Chi-square test

^#t test