Table 3. Adjusted hazard ratios for atypical and typical pneumonia in COPD with asthma cohort with and without ICSs and OSs use during the follow-up period by age-and-sex-matched.
| Variables | N | Event | Rate | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR& (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COPD cohort | |||||
| Without ICSs | 24255 | 707 | 4.46 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| With ICSs | 814 | 42 | 7.93 | 1.78(1.30, 2.43)*** | 1.34(0.98, 1.83) |
| COPD with asthma cohort | |||||
| Without ICSs | 9334 | 664 | 11.8 | 2.65(2.39, 2.95)*** | 2.46(2.20, 2.76)*** |
| With ICSs | 3204 | 236 | 10.7 | 2.41(2.08, 2.79)*** | 2.32(1.99, 2.72)*** |
| COPD cohort | |||||
| Without OSs | 14348 | 342 | 3.65 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| With OSs | 10721 | 407 | 5.79 | 1.59(1.37, 1.83)*** | 1.16(1.00, 1.34)* |
| COPD with asthma cohort | |||||
| Without OSs | 2747 | 193 | 12.2 | 3.35(2.80, 3.99)*** | 3.25(2.72, 3.89)*** |
| With OSs | 9791 | 707 | 11.4 | 3.11(2.73, 3.53)*** | 2.38(2.07, 2.74)*** |
COPD with asthma cohort; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; rate, incidence rate (per 1000 person-years); ICSs, inhaled corticosteroids; and OSs, oral steroids
&Multivariable analysis included age; sex; comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, mental disorders, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease; and ICSs and OSs use.
*P < 0.05
***P < 0.001