Table 2.
Glycemic control as a function of age, multimorbidity, and glucose-lowering treatment regimen
| Number (%) of patients (Population n=194 157) |
HbA1c (%) Mean (SD) |
|
| Glucose-lowering treatment regimen | ||
| Sulfonylurea (no insulin) | 49 200 (25.3) | 7.41 (1.39) |
| Basal insulin (no sulfonylurea) | 9782 (5.0) | 7.89 (1.74) |
| Basal insulin+sulfonylurea | 9311 (4.8) | 8.38 (1.72) |
| Bolus±basal insulin (no sulfonylurea) | 18 470 (9.5) | 8.24 (1.77) |
| Bolus±basal insulin+sulfonylurea | 7013 (3.6) | 8.54 (1.82) |
| Other meds only | 61 917 (31.9) | 6.74 (1.04) |
| No fills | 38 464 (19.8) | 6.50 (1.02) |
| Age (years) | ||
| 18–44 | 9638 (5.0) | 7.71 (2.01) |
| 45–64 | 63 055 (32.5) | 7.49 (1.71) |
| 65–74 | 74 418 (38.3) | 7.08 (1.30) |
| ≥75 | 47 046 (24.2) | 6.92 (1.15) |
| Type and degree of multimorbidity | ||
| No comorbidities | 16 562 (8.5) | 7.41 (1.72) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||
| 0–1 | 69 427 (35.8) | 7.23 (1.53) |
| 2 | 25 565 (13.2) | 7.10 (1.43) |
| 3 | 34 051 (17.5) | 7.26 (1.49) |
| ≥4 | 65 114 (33.5) | 7.19 (1.43) |
| Concordant comorbidities* only | 87 699 (45.2) | 7.30 (1.49) |
| 1 | 56 693 (64.6) | 7.27 (1.49) |
| 2 | 22 293 (25.4) | 7.31 (1.50) |
| ≥3 | 8713 (9.9) | 7.40 (1.50) |
| Discordant comorbidities† only | 5202 (2.7) | 7.06 (1.53) |
| 1 | 4319 (83.0) | 7.10 (1.56) |
| 2 | 786 (15.1) | 6.86 (1.37) |
| ≥3 | 97 (1.9) | 6.62 (1.16) |
| Concordant and discordant comorbidities | 59 384 (30.6) | 7.12 (1.42) |
| 2 | 22 674 (38.2) | 7.07 (1.37) |
| ≥3 | 36 710 (61.8) | 7.15 (1.45) |
| Advanced‡±concordant/discordant comorbidities | 25 310 (13.0) | 7.00 (1.32) |
| 1 | 971 (3.8) | 7.09 (1.48) |
| 2 | 5794 (22.9) | 6.98 (1.27) |
| ≥3 | 18 545 (73.3) | 7.00 (1.33) |
The mean (SD) glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels achieved by the study population as a function of age, comorbidity profile, and glucose-lowering treatment regimen.
*Concordant comorbidities included stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, proliferative retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy.
†Discordant comorbidities included cirrhosis, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, urinary incontinence, falls, and arthritis.
‡Advanced comorbidities included dementia, end-stage kidney disease, and cancer.