Table 3.

Association of glycemia with distal peripheral neuropathy

Exposure	Unadjusted		Model 1		Model 2
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Time in range (70–180 mg/dL) (per 10% lower)*	1.26 (1.04 to 1.53)	0.021	1.25 (1.02 to 1.52)	0.031	1.23 (0.99 to 1.52)	0.060
Time above range (>180 mg/dL) (per 10% higher)*	1.24 (1.03 to 1.50)	0.024	1.23 (1.02 to 1.50)	0.035	1.22 (0.99 to 1.50)	0.061
% coefficient of variations (per 6% higher (1 SD))	1.25 (0.83 to 1.86)	0.283	1.24 (0.82 to 1.88)	0.312	1.19 (0.75 to 1.90)	0.457
GMI (per 1% higher)	1.82 (1.08 to 3.07)	0.024	1.79 (1.05 to 3.04)	0.033	1.81 (1.02 to 3.20)	0.042
HbA1c (per 1% or 11 mmol/mol higher)	1.29 (0.97 to 1.70)	0.08	1.25 (0.93 to 1.69)	0.139	1.29 (0.93 to 1.79)	0.129
Duration of diabetes (per 10 years longer)	1.15 (0.77 to 1.71)	0.51	1.19 (0.77 to 1.82)	0.433	1.13 (0.73 to 1.75)	0.575

Sixty-two of 105 participants with a total MNSI questionnaire score ≥2 were defined as having distal peripheral neuropathy in this analysis.

Model 1 is adjusted for age, gender, race. Model 2 additionally adjusts for BMI, eGFR, use of insulin and use of sulfonylureas. In model 2, all outcomes except duration of diabetes additionally adjust for duration of diabetes.

*10%=144 minutes/day.

BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GMI, glucose management indicator; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; MNSI, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument.