Table 2.

Relation between glucose parameters from blood samples collected at hospital and UMI levels from self-collected urine samples at home

Dependent variables	Independent variables	Non-standardized β (95% CI)	Standardized β	P value
75gOGTT Fasting plasma glucose	ln UMIwake-up	18.5 (9.5 to 27.4)	0.36	<0.0001*
	ln UMIpremeal	16.3 (7.2 to 25.4)	0.30	0.0006*
	ln UMI2h-postprandial	21.9 (14.0 to 29.8)	0.44	<0.0001*
	ln Δ UMI	4.9 (1.2 to 8.6)	0.24	0.0097*
75gOGTT 1-hour plasma glucose	ln UMIwake-up	54.0 (24.9 to 83.1)	0.29	0.0004*
	ln UMIpremeal	48.5 (18.1 to 78.8)	0.25	0.0020*
	ln UMI2h-postprandial	73.8 (47.9 to 99.7)	0.41	<0.0001*
	ln Δ UMI	12.5 (0.9 to 24.0)	0.18	0.0347
75gOGTT 2-hour plasma glucose	ln UMIwake-up	37.4 (3.7 to 71.0)	0.19	0.0298
	ln UMIpremeal	33.3 (0.2 to 66.3)	0.17	0.0488
	ln UMI2h-postprandial	72.5 (44.5 to 100.6)	0.40	<0.0001*
	ln Δ UMI	17.8 (5.3 to 30.2)	0.25	0.0058*
75gOGTT AUC0 – 2h glucose	ln UMIwake-up	81.9 (37.2 to 126.7)	0.29	0.0005*
	ln UMIpremeal	73.3 (27.4 to 119.2)	0.24	0.0020*
	ln UMI2h-postprandial	121.0 (82.9 to 159.1)	0.44	<0.0001*
	ln Δ UMI	23.8 (6.1 to 41.5)	0.22	0.0089*
HbA1c	ln UMIwake-up	0.33 (0.06 to 0.59)	0.20	0.0152
	ln UMIpremeal	0.32 (0.06 to 0.59)	0.19	0.0165
	ln UMI2h-postprandial	0.55 (0.33 to 0.78)	0.36	<0.0001*
	ln Δ UMI	0.13 (0.03 to 0.23)	0.21	0.0133

Multivariable regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and serum creatinine. Dependent variables: fasting plasma glucose, 1-hour post-75gOGTT plasma glucose, 2-hour post-75gOGTT plasma glucose, AUC_0–2h glucose of 75gOGTT, and HbA1c. Independent variables: the logarithm of UMI_wake-up, UMI at wake-up time (fasting first urine); UMI_premeal, UMI at premeal (fasting second urine); and UMI_{2h-postprandial}, UMI at 2-hour postprandial. ΔUMI was defined by 2-hour postprandial UMI minus premeal UMI.

*P values remained significant after Bonferroni’s correction.

AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; 75gOGTT, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test; UMI, urinary myoinositol.