Table 4.

Multivariate adjusted ORs of cardiometabolic risk factors according to vitamin D status and weight status groups*

Cardiometabolic risk factors †	Weight status ‡	Vitamin D status §	OR (95% CI)	P for interaction¶	Measures of additive interaction
					RERI (95% CI)	AP (95% CI)
Abdominal obesity	Normal	Adequacy	1.00	0.583	3.55 (−5.70 to 12.79)	0.12 (−0.18 to 0.41)
		Insufficiency	1.32 (0.89 to 1.97)
	Obesity	Adequacy	26.23 (16.22 to 42.42) **
		Insufficiency	30.10 (20.12 to 45.04) **
Hypertension	Normal	Adequacy	1.00	0.146	−0.44 (−1.27 to 0.37)	−0.20 (−0.57 to 0.17)
		Insufficiency	1.19 (0.95 to 1.48)
	Obesity	Adequacy	2.49 (1.73 to 3.60) **
		Insufficiency	2.23 (1.70 to 2.93) **
High TC	Normal	Adequacy	1.00	0.805	−0.07 (−0.69 to 0.55)	−0.06 (−0.57 to 0.45)
		Insufficiency	1.56 (1.08 to 2.26) **
	Obesity	Adequacy	0.70 (0.36 to 1.35)
		Insufficiency	1.19 (0.76 to 1.86)
High LDL-C	Normal	Adequacy	1.00	0.540	0.43 (−0.4 to 1.26)	0.23 (−0.21 to 0.67)
		Insufficiency	1.35 (0.87 to 2.09)
	Obesity	Adequacy	1.12 (0.54 to 2.29)
		Insufficiency	1.90 (1.15 to 3.13) **
Low HDL-C	Normal	Adequacy	1.00	0.873	0.06 (−0.88 to 1.01)	0.03 (−0.37 to 0.43)
		Insufficiency	1.99 (1.01 to 3.94) **
	Obesity	Adequacy	5.03 (2.09 to 12.09) **
		Insufficiency	3.73 (1.72 to 8.13) **
High TG	Normal	Adequacy	1.00	0.074	−0.37 (−1.58 to 0.83)	−0.11 (−0.46 to 0.24)
		Insufficiency	1.70 (1.21 to 2.39) **
	Obesity	Adequacy	3.14 (1.98 to 4.97) **
		Insufficiency	3.47 (2.37 to 5.08) **
Hyperglycemia	Normal	Adequacy	1.00	0.011	0.56 (0.22 to 0.90)	0.32 (0.14 to 0.51)
		Insufficiency	1.33 (1.12 to 1.57) **
	Obesity	Adequacy	0.84 (0.61 to 1.16)
		Insufficiency	1.73 (1.39 to 2.15) **
Insulin resistance	Normal	Adequacy	1.00	0.606	−0.11 (−0.62 to 0.39)	−0.07 (−0.41 to 0.26)
		Insufficiency	1.06 (0.87 to 1.29)
	Obesity	Adequacy	1.57 (1.12 to 2.19) **
		Insufficiency	1.51 (1.19 to 1.93) **

*The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, season of blood collection, geographical location, smoking, drinking, physical activity, dietary vitamin D intake, body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage (FMP), and muscle mass index (MMI).

†The diagnostic criteria are as follows: Abdominal obesity was defined as waist to height ratio ≥0.5¹⁵; Hypertension was classified by the 95th sex, age and and height-specific blood pressure cut-points of Chinese standard¹⁶; Abnormal blood lipid levels were classified by the age and sex-specific lipoprotein cut-points of Chinese children¹⁷; Hyperglycemia was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L¹⁸; Insulin resistance was defined by the WHO as values in the highest quartile of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).¹⁹

‡The weight status was classified as normal and obesity (including overweight) according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria.¹⁴

§The vitamin D status was classified as sufficiency (≥50 nmol/L) and insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendation.²⁰

¶A cross-product interaction term was included in the logistic regression model to assess multiplicative interaction.

**Significantly different from the referent category, vitamin D sufficiency and normal weight group.

AP, attributable proportion; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.