Table 1.
Logistic regression model comparing the prevalence of macrovascular, microvascular and kidney complications in individuals at high, intermediate or low (reference category) probability of liver fibrosis or steatosis
| Cardiovascular event | eGFR EPI-CKD (cut-off 60) | Microalbuminuria | Diabetic retinopathy | |||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| FLI | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Middle | 1.65 | 1.13 to 2.40 | 0.009 | 1.65 | 1.03 to 2.68 | 0.038 | 2.91 | 1.65 to 5.14 | <0.001 | 0.83 | 0.46 to 1.50 | 0.542 |
| High | 1.32 | 0.94 to 1.85 | 0.110 | 1.77 | 1.15 to 2.72 | 0.010 | 3.49 | 2.05 to 5.94 | <0.001 | 1.05 | 0.63 to 1.76 | 0.858 |
| HSI | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Middle | 4.89 | 0.50 to 47.61 | 0.171 | 1.51 | 0.15 to 14.78 | 0.725 | - | - | 0.999 | - | - | 0.999 |
| High | 0.92 | 0.73 to 1.18 | 0.518 | 0.61 | 0.47 to 0.84 | 0.002 | 0.95 | 0.68 to 1.35 | 0.762 | 0.825 | 0.54 to 1.31 | 0.408 |
| NAFLD Ridge Score | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Middle | 0.52 | 0.25 to 1.15 | 0.108 | 0.51 | 0.22 to 1.17 | 0.110 | 1.20 | 0.39 to 3.68 | 0.750 | 0.99 | 0.24 to 4.10 | 0.986 |
| High | 0.95 | 0.48 to 1.89 | 0.894 | 0.57 | 0.28 to 1.16 | 0.118 | 1.79 | 0.67 to 4.81 | 0.248 | 1.50 | 0.44 to 5.13 | 0.520 |
| AST/ALT | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Middle | 1.73 | 1.42 to 2.10 | <0.001 | 2.04 | 1.59 to 2.60 | <0.001 | 0.94 | 0.73 to 1.20 | 0.594 | 1.58 | 1.09 to 2.27 | 0.015 |
| High | 1.86 | 1.37 to 2.54 | <0.001 | 3.76 | 2.67 to 5.31 | <0.001 | 1.40 | 0.95 to 2.06 | 0.090 | 2.68 | 1.61 to 4.48 | <0.001 |
| APRI | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Middle | 1.26 | 0.98 to 1.62 | 0.068 | 1.19 | 0.90 to 1.57 | 0.225 | 1.09 | 0.78 to 1.50 | 0.611 | 0.90 | 0.57 to 1.43 | 0.662 |
| High | 0.94 | 0.26 to 3.36 | 0.919 | 0.72 | 0.15 to 3.46 | 0.677 | 2.38 | 0.33 to 17.02 | 0.387 | - | - | 0.999 |
| FIB-4 | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Middle | 2.03 | 1.63 to 2.54 | <0.001 | 2.78 | 2.14 to 3.62 | <0.001 | 1.02 | 0.77 to 1.35 | 0.879 | 1.12 | 0.77 to 1.64 | 0.548 |
| High | 2.62 | 1.69 to 4.04 | <0.001 | 6.39 | 4.05 to 10.08 | <0.001 | 1.58 | 0.91 to 2.72 | 0.102 | 1.58 | 0.77 to 3.23 | 0.214 |
| NAFLD fibrosis score | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Middle | 1.76 | 0.91 to 3.40 | 0.096 | 0.98 | 0.46 to 2.09 | 0.963 | 1.78 | 0.75 to 4.24 | 0.190 | 1.44 | 0.45 to 4.55 | 0.537 |
| High | 2.03 | 1.01 to 4.08 | 0.046 | 2.17 | 1.00 to 4.67 | 0.049 | 1.74 | 0.71 to 4.24 | 0.224 | 1.96 | 0.60 to 6.42 | 0.264 |
Values in bold are statistically significant.
APRI, AST to Platelet Ratio Index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FIB-4, fibrosis-4; FLI, Fatty Liver Index; HSI, Hepatic Steatosis Index; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.